行政法典编纂视角下明清会典的编纂理念、立法模式及启示

明清会典的主体是基于治理理想的组织规范和管理规范的总和。明清会典编纂的直接动机是对《诸司职掌》的修订,编纂目标在于统一国家治理的法律依据,同时在历史统绪上实现官制典籍的延续承继。明清会典编纂的总体理念为维护“大一统”,核心理念为对官僚权力进行规制和约束。立法模式上,明清会典在体例上采用以官统事、正文与事例分立的复合立法模式,以高超的立法技术和简洁凝练的语言进行表述与阐释,内部条文形成了一个逻辑清晰的整体。当前,我国行政法典的编纂与明清会典的编纂在不同的时空背景下有着相近的立法动机,面临着相似的问题和挑战。相较于西方法治经验,明清会典的编纂理念和立法模式可以更好地为当下行政法典的编纂提供具有中华法文化基因的传统智慧和本土经验。

The Hui Dian of the Ming and Qing dynasties are the sum of organizational norms and management norms based on governance ideals.The direct motivation of the compilation of the Hui Dian of the Ming and Qing dynasties was the revision of Zhu Si Zhi Zhang in the Ming dynasty,with the goal of unifying the legal basis for national governance while carrying out a unified succession of official codes in terms of historical unity.The general codification philosophy of the Hui Dian of the Ming and Qing dynasties is to maintain‘great unity’and the core philosophy is to regulate and restrain bureaucratic power.In terms of the legislative model,the Hui Dian of the Ming and Qing dynasties adopted the compound legislative model of unifying matters according to officials and separating the text and decrees,expressing and clarifying them with superior legislative technique and concise language,and forming a logical and clear whole with the internal provisions.Currently,the codification of China’s administrative code has similar legislative motives and faces similar problems and challenges as the codification of the Hui Dian of the Ming and Qing dynasties in different spatial and temporal contexts.Compared with the Western rule of law experience,the codification concept and legislative model of the Hui Dian of the Ming and Qing dynasties can provide traditional wisdom and local experience with Chinese legal culture for the codification of the current administrative code.