我国刑事缺席审判程序中的异议权

The Right of Objection in the Procedure of Criminal Trial in Absentia in China

2018年《刑事诉讼法》增设缺席审判程序,赋予外逃型缺席审判的罪犯要求法院重新审理的异议权,以满足引渡的需求,并弥补可能的公正性缺失。事实上,异议权的设置虽然对引渡有一定的积极作用,但引渡的需要并不足以单独说明异议权设置的正当性。异议权的正当性更多的是源于其权利救济功能、对裁判可接受性的促进作用以及与出庭的"权利+义务"属性的契合性。异议权的设置应遵循一些基本规则,包括恪守异议权作为权利救济途径的根本定位、坚守公正与效率动态平衡的底线。我国有关异议权的内容不尽合理,可从异议权适用的案件范围、异议的理由、异议权的行使期限、效力、异议后的重新审理程序等方面进一步完善。

Trial in absentia was introduced into the Criminal Procedure Law in 2018,enabling absconding-abroad criminals tried in absentia the right of objection for a retrial,so as to satisfy the requirement of extradition and compensate for the possible lack of justice.In fact,although the establishment of the right of objection plays a positive role in extradition,the need for extradition is not enough to explain the legitimacy of the establishment of the right of objection.The legitimacy of the right of objection more often roots in its right relief functions,the helpful role in the acceptability of a court decision,and the coherence to the’right-and-duty’nature of attending a trial.The establishment of the right of objection should follow certain basic principles,including regarding the right of objection as the fundamental remedy approach of all rights and sticking to the bottom line of the dynamic balance between fairness and efficiency.There remains some unreasonable content on the right of objection in the Criminal Procedure Law of China.To optimize the performance of the right of objection in practice,the following aspects shall be considered:the scope of its application,the reasons,the exercise time,the effectiveness,and the retrial procedures triggered by it.