法国马克龙政府两任期的对非洲政策:延续及调整

France’s Policy toward Africa during the Two Terms of the Macron Government:Continuity and Adjustment

法国总统马克龙上台执政时法非关系在安全、移民等方面面临诸多问题,同时经历着法国形象、在非经济影响力衰退等一系列挑战,对此他出台了以重塑法国形象、推动法非关系正常化为目标的对非政策。第一任期内,马克龙政府积极推进对非经济与文化软实力外交、推动非洲法郎等金融机制改革、在殖民历史问题上让步、通过欧非关系带动法非关系,虽然法非经贸关系因此有所回升,但大多数改革浮于表面,“去法国化”运动在部分非洲国家愈演愈烈。2022年,马克龙成功连任总统,但法国国内政治与国际局势决定了其第二任期内的对非政策只能是稳中求变。法国在非洲利益对于稳定法国国内政治、经济形势至关重要,法国需要更加重视非洲国家经济发展和情感诉求,具体来说:在进一步提升经济、软实力外交战略地位的同时重视法非共同关注领域;反恐问题上法国军队在非洲退居二线;高层对话中避免涉及非洲内政、价值观等敏感话题,以摆脱“殖民霸主”“新殖民主义”标签;推动法非关系平等化、正常化、可持续化发展,以期在大国对非竞争中保持非洲核心伙伴地位。

Macron’s first administration faced a series of challenges in France-Africa relations in terms of security,immigration,France’s national image,and its decline of economic influence in Africa.As a result,the president launched an Africa policy aimed at rebuilding France’s image and promoting the“normalisation”of France-Africa relations.During his first tenure,Macron’s government has actively organized economic and cultural soft power diplomacy,promoted institutional reforms such as the reform of the CFA franc.Besides,he has made concessions on colonial history and tried to strengthen France-Africa relations using Europe-Africa relationship as a springboard.The results suggest that although the economic and trade relations have rebounded,most of the reforms float on the surface,with the“de-French”movement intensifying in some African countries.In 2022,Macron succeeded in reelection for a second term as President,However,France’s national politics and international situation dictate that his Africa policy during the second tenure can only be seeking change while maintaining stability.France’s interests in Africa are crucial to stabilizing the economic and political crisis in France.French government needs to pay more attention to the economic development and emotional demands of African countries,specifically speaking:to further enhance the position of economy and soft power in diplomatic strategy while placing greater emphasis on areas of common concern between France and Africa;to take a backseat to the French army in Africa on the issue of antiterrorism;to avoid touching on the internal affairs of Africa,values and other sensitive topics in high-level dialogues so as to get rid of the label of“colonial hegemony”or“neo-colonialism”.The Macron government hopes to promote the equal,normalized,and sustainable development of Franco African relations,in order to maintain France’s status of Africa’s core partners in the midst of great power competition in Africa.