中国减贫经验对非洲消除贫困的启示意义

The Enlightenment of China’s Experience on Poverty Alleviation in Africa

世界各地都存在贫困问题,但非洲的贫困问题尤为严峻且影响广泛。在中国和一些发达经济体,贫困是发展的催化剂,但是非洲的情况恰恰相反。极端贫困是阻碍非洲取得实质性发展的主要原因,广泛存在的精神和物质贫困迟滞了非洲发展。然而,贫困并不是非洲独有的现象。中国改革开放前的贫困率曾高于同时期非洲的整体贫困率,但是在中国共产党的领导下,中国最终消除了绝对贫困,取得了脱贫攻坚的全面胜利。在非洲,贫困仍然是21世纪发展的最大障碍。因此,非洲各国和国际社会仍在探索非洲减贫和实现可持续发展的道路,而中国的脱贫战略和发展模式可以为非洲消除贫困提供借鉴。本文批判性地分析了非洲的贫困和发展问题,并阐释了中非关系如何能积极影响非洲减贫进程以及助力非洲在21世纪实现发展。

Irrefutably,poverty is present everywhere in the world,but the kind in Africa is too grave in manifestation and with widest spread in its consequences.In China and other advanced economies,any manifestation of poverty is a challenge to move forward,but in Africa,the reverse is the case.This paper argues that grinding poverty is the main reason for the absence of meaningful development in Africa and that development is retarded on the continent because of pervasive mental and material poverty.However,poverty is not peculiar to Africa.For example,it is a well known fact that China in the pre-reform era had a far higher poverty rate than Africa as a whole at that time.The difference however,lies in the fact that while manifestations of poverty and miseries have propelled China to prosperity and progress under the leadership of the Communist Party of China(CPC),poverty remains the gravest hindrance to African development in the 21st century.Therefore,the continent and the international community continue to seek for better ways out of extreme poverty and to achieve sustainable development in Africa.Learning from China’s anti-poverty strategies and development models by Africa has been dominating the debates,and China’s anti-poverty strategy and development model can provide references for Africa’s anti-poverty drive.This study critically analyzes the issues of poverty and development in the context of how China-Africa relationship can positively influence anti-poverty efforts and assist in the accomplishment of development in the 21st century Africa.