从“撤离”到“重返”:俄罗斯对非洲的战略选择

From Withdrawal to Return:Russia’s Strategic Choice Towards Africa

1991年苏联解体后,俄罗斯放弃了传统的对非政策,开始“撤离非洲”,俄非关系陷入低谷。普京政府时期,俄罗斯重新进行外交战略布局,重视非洲的地位和作用,意欲“重返非洲”,加强对非关系,恢复其在非洲的影响力。现阶段,俄罗斯“重返非洲”的步伐逐渐加快,不断加强与非洲国家在政治、经贸、军事、人文等领域的合作,2019年10月首届俄非峰会召开成为标志性事件。就动因而言,俄罗斯“重返非洲”是反制西方围堵制裁、调整全球布局的战略决策,是实现俄非共同利益、增强地区影响力的重要举措,也是俄罗斯推动经济复苏、提升大国地位的必然选择。但是,俄罗斯对非政策也受本国国力、国际制裁和大国竞争等多方面因素的掣肘,“重返非洲”之路仍然任重道远。

After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991,Russia abandoned its traditional policy towards Africa and began to“withdraw from Africa”,and Russia-Africa relations were at a low ebb.During Putin’s administration,Russia rearranged its diplomatic strategy with more importance attached to the status and role of Africa,intending to“return to Africa”,strengthen its relations with Africa and restore its influence in Africa.At present,Russia is stepping up its“return to Africa”,and is continuously strengthening cooperation with African countries in the fields of politics,economy,trade,military affairs,cultural and people-to-people exchanges,which is marked by the first Russia-Africa Summit held in October 2019.As far as the motivation is concerned,its“Return to Africa”is a strategic decision to counter Western encirclement and sanctions and adjust its global strategic layout,and is also an important measure to realize common interests of Russia and Africa and enhance Russia’s regional influence.“Return to Africa”is also an inevitable choice for Russia to promote economic recovery and upgrade its status as a major power.However,Russia’s policies towards Africa are also hampered by its own national strength,international sanctions and competition among major powers,and Russia still has much to do in order to“return to Africa”.