当代布基纳法索多元宗教共处模式及其面临的挑战

Contemporary Burkina Faso’s Multi-Religious Coexistence Model and Its Challenges

多元宗教共处是指两个或两个以上的宗教群体在同一领土内共享公共资源和基础设施,并且可以在同一公共空间内表达和实践其宗教信仰。随着外来宗教的相继传入,布基纳法索形成了传统宗教、伊斯兰教和基督教并存的多元宗教格局。基于政教分离、宗教对话,以及日常共处与流动这三种机制,布基纳法索的三大宗教构成了多元宗教共处模式,这在被称为"文明断裂带"的萨赫勒地区是一个例外现象。整体上,布基纳法索多元宗教共处模式依然相对稳固,但是该模式正面临萨赫勒地区恐怖主义和宗教极端主义扩散的严峻挑战。巩固和发展多元宗教共处模式不仅有利于促进布基纳法索的稳定与发展,而且有助于维护萨赫勒地区的和平与安全。

Multi-religious coexistence means that two or more religious groups sharepublic resources and infrastructure in the same territory,and can express and practice their religious beliefs in the same public space.Burkina Faso’s multi-religious pattern,with Islam as the main religion,followed by Christianity and traditional religions,was established in the second half of the 20 th century.Its multi-religious coexistence in the“civilizational fracture zone”of the Sahel region in West Africa is an exception.The multi-religious coexistence model includes the separation mechanism of religion and state,the dialogue and peaceful competition between religions,and the daily coexistence and mobility of religions.The establishment of these mechanisms is inseparable from Burkina Faso’s strong national tradition,a culture that emphasizes unity and tolerance,moderate religions,individual pragmatism,and international support.On the whole,this model of multi-religious coexistence is still relatively stable.However,the spread of terrorism in the Sahel poses a comprehensive and direct threat to these mechanisms,and the spread of Islam and Christian extremism also poses varying challenges to these mechanisms.These challenges are closely related to factors such as Burkina Faso’s socio-economic development,political system,ethnic conflicts,geopolitical environment,and the nature of religion.