马克龙政府的非洲政策:理念与实践

The Macron Administration’s Africa Policy: Idea and Practice

2017年5月,马克龙当选法国总统,给法国政坛带来一股新气息。年富力强的马克龙希望在法非关系上有所作为,从竞选纲领到对非政策宣示,再到具体的外交行动,马克龙积极推动法非关系发展,力图摆脱传统"法非特殊关系"的固有模式,书写法非关系新篇章,改善法国在非洲的形象,维护法国在非洲的利益,提升法国在非洲的影响力。马克龙政府在非洲面临一系列挑战,其中安全与反恐问题、移民与难民问题、应对气候变化问题尤为重要而敏感。马克龙政府继续秉持对非务实外交政策,大力拓展对非经贸合作,加强对非文化联系与交流,维护法语在非洲的地位,提升法国软实力,同时利用好发展援助这一传统政策工具,为法国对非外交服务。总体来说,马克龙政府的对非政策在继承中有所创新,但是继承胜过创新,延续大于改变,相关政策要落到实处,一个任期内可能难以完成目标。尤其是受"黄马甲"运动和新冠肺炎疫情的冲击,法非合作诸多事项进展受阻放缓,马克龙对非政策的初衷恐难完全实现。

In May 2017,Emmanuel Macron was elected president of France,bringing a fresh breath to French politics. Young Macron wants to achieve something in France-Africa relations,from his election program to the policy announcement,to diplomatic action,Macron actively promotes the France-Africa relations,tries to get rid of the "traditional special relations"stereotype,writes a new chapter for France-Africa relations,improves the image of France in Africa,protects the interests and improves the influence of France in Africa. The Macron government faces a number of challenges in Africa,among which security and counter-terrorism,migration and refugees,and tackling climate change are particularly important and sensitive issues. The Macron government continues to uphold a pragmatic foreign policy toward Africa,vigorously expand economic and trade cooperation with Africa,strengthen cultural ties and exchanges with Africa,and make good use of development aid,a traditional policy tool,to serve France’s diplomacy toward Africa. On the whole,Macron government’s Africa policy has some innovation in the course of succession,but it has more inheritance than innovation and more continuity than change. If relevant policies are to be implemented,it may be difficult to achieve the target within one term. In particular,due to the impact of the "Yellow Vests " movement and COVID-19,the progress of France-Africa cooperation has been slowed down and the original intention of Macron’s Africa policy may not be fully realized.