电压源风电机组的全风速段惯量响应控制

Inertia Response Control of Voltage Source Wind Turbines at Full Wind Speed

近年来,随着新能源装机容量的不断增大,传统以同步机为主导的电力系统呈现出惯量弱化的趋势,电力系统频率稳定面临挑战。电压源控制使得风电机组具有自主支撑电网频率和电压的能力,是构建新型电力系统的关键技术。然而,当前针对电压源风电机组惯量响应的控制聚焦在最大功率点跟踪阶段,对其低恒转速、高恒转速以及恒功率阶段的惯量响应控制特性和方法缺乏系统研究,削弱了机组的总体惯量响应能力。针对上述问题,提出一种电压源风电机组的全风速段惯量响应控制方法,分析全风速段机组的惯量响应特性;提出调节器常饱和输出的双转速环控制结构实现机组的转速控制及不同运行区间的无缝切换,采用直流电压变化率和发电机转速复合判断方法实现全风速段机组的选择性惯量响应控制;提出评估机组惯量响应性能的参数指标并在此基础上给出惯量响应控制参数的设计方法。搭建了基于PSCAD的2MW永磁直驱风电机组的全电磁暂态仿真模型,验证了所提出控制方法的有效性。

Recent years,with the increase of installed capacity of new energy,the traditional power system which dominated by synchronous machines has shown a trend of lacking inertia,and the frequency stability of the power system is facing challenges.Voltage source control enables wind turbines to independently support the frequency and voltage of the grid,which is a key technology for building the new power system.However,current control method for inertia response of voltage source wind turbines focuses on the MPPT stage,lacking of systematic research on the characteristics and methods in the low constant speed,high constant speed and constant power stages,which weakens the overall inertia response capability of the turbine.In view of the above problems,this paper proposed a voltage source wind turbine inertia response control method at the full wind speed section,analyzed the inertia response characteristics of the whole wind speed section,and proposed a dual speed loop control structure with a constant saturation output of the regulator to realize the speed control and the seamless switching of different operating ranges adopts the combined judgment method of DC voltage change rate and generator speed to realize the selective inertia response control of the unit in the whole wind speed section.Based on the design method of control parameters,a full electromagnetic transient simulation model of a 2MW permanent magnet direct-drive wind turbine based on PSCAD was built,which verified the effectiveness of the proposed control method.