我国东北草地生产力现状及可持续发展对策

The Current Situation of Grassland Productivity and Strategy for Sustainable Development in Northeast Grassland of China

近年来,东北草地退化日益严重,草地生产力下降,区域生态环境和经济发展形势严峻。对东北草地近年来的发展状况和影响草地生产力发展的环境因素进行了综合剖析,系统比较了过去40年东北草地发展状况,其中重点阐述了在东北草地占据重要地位的天然羊草草地、人工羊草草地和苜蓿人工草地的生产力变化以及影响因素,并分析了全国与东北地区天然草地和人工草地的研究情况。在此基础上,提出东北草地可持续发展对策:(1)加强草地资源保护,大力恢复退化草地;(2)"种-养-牧-饲"有机结合,促进产业健康发展;(3)科技引领绿色发展,加速草牧产业振兴,旨在为该区未来草牧业发展提供有益参考。

Northeast grassland is an important part of Chinese natural grassland,and also an important ecological barrier and animal husbandry base for economic and social development in northeast of China.In recent years,grassland degradation in northeast of China has become increasingly serious,grassland productivity has declined,and regional ecological environment and economic development have been severe.This paper comprehensively analyzes the development status of grassland in northeast of China and the environmental factors affecting the development of grassland productivity,and systematically compared the development of grassland in northeast of China in the past 40 years.The paper focuses on the productivity changes and influencing factors of natural Leymus chinensis,artificial Leymus chinensis and artificial Medicago Sativa grassland,which are important in northeast of Chinese grassland,and analyzes the research situation of natural grassland and artificial grassland in the whole country and northeast of China.On this basis,the countermeasures for the sustainable development of grassland in northeast of China was put forward:(1)Strengthen the protection of grassland resources and vigorously restore degraded grassland;(2)Combination of"species-cultivation-grazing-feeding"to promote the healthy development of industry;(3)Leading green development by science and technology to accelerate the revitalization of the grass and animal husbandry industry,aiming to provide a useful reference for the future development of grassland husbandry in the region.