湖北潜江“虾稻共作”种养模式的运作机制及政策启示

THE OPERATIONAL MECHANISM AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE CRAYFISH-RICE INTEGRATED MODE IN QIANJIANG, HUBEI

[目的]分析比较湖北潜江"虾稻共作"种养模式,阐明其运作机制,为推进长江中下游地区乃至全国农业绿色发展提供优化建议。[方法]文章采用文献调查、实地访谈和案例分析的方法,从宏、中、微观层面探究湖北潜江"虾稻共作"种养模式的运作机制、主要做法、经验及问题。[结果](1)总结出湖北"虾稻共作"的3种典型发展模式,分别为"家庭农场"模式、"企业+基地+合作社+农户"模式和"全产业链"模式;(2)剖析出"虾稻共作"种养模式的发展主要源于政府引导和市场主导相结合的"双导"推动、产业链利益共享的建立和各主体要素互补的形成;(3)阐明了政策扶持、品牌创建和宣传、全产业链经营、技术研发与虾稻共作标准、可追溯体系建立是虾稻产业发展的主要成效与经验。[结论]针对虾稻产业发展存在的问题,从全省共创虾稻品牌、完善基础设施、加强市场监管、建立产学研结合的有效衔接机制和延伸虾稻产业链条等方面提出了针对性政策建议。

This paper analyzes and compares the“integrated crayfish-rice”mode in Qianjiang,Hubei province,and clarifies its operational mechanism,makes significant contributions towards providing optimization recommendations to accelerate green agricultural development in the area of middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the entire country.This paper examined operational mechanism,main approaches,experience and dilemmas of“integrated crayfish-rice”mode,from both macro,medium and micro levels,respectively,based on literature review,field survey and case study.Three typical development modes of“integrated crayfish-rice”in Hubei had been summarized in this study,namely“family farm”“enterprise+base+cooperative+peasant household”and“whole industry chain”.Results indicated that the driving forces for“integrated crayfish-rice”development were the“double guidance”promotion,including the combination of government guidance and market dominance,the establishment of sharing-benefit in the industrial chain and the formation of complementary elements.In addition,this paper expounded the main achievements and experiences of“integrated crayfish-rice”industry in terms of policy support,branding and marketing,whole industrial chain operation,technological innovation,standard formulation and traceability systems establishment.To address the current issues of the“integrated crayfish-rice”mode,targeted policy recommendations are proposed in the aspects of branding,improving infrastructure,strengthening market supervision,establishing effective interface mechanism of industryuniversity-institute and expending the shrimp rice industry chain.