中国土地市场化程度非均衡发展及收敛性研究

RESEARCH ON THE UNBALANCED DEVELOPMENT AND CONVERGENCE OF LAND MARKETIZATION IN CHINA

[目的]基于土地交易微观数据,测度2004—2017年我国不同区域和不同地类土地市场化程度及其差异性。[方法]文章运用δ收敛和β收敛对其进行收敛性检验。[结果]全国土地市场化程度处于中等水平,以2010年为界限呈现倒"U"型趋势;不同区域的演变趋势与全国基本一致,但区域间差异明显,中部地区最高,东部次之,东北和西部低于全国平均水平;分地类来看,商服用地市场化程度整体平稳上升,工矿仓储用地在2006—2008年上升迅速,住宅用地在2010年以后呈下降趋势;从空间分布来看,全国土地市场化程度由西到东递增,但区域间和地类间的土地市场化程度存在非均衡发展;从收敛趋势来看,东部、东北和中部地区土地市场化程度只存在条件β收敛,西部地区3种收敛均存在;住宅用地和商服用地存在绝对β收敛和条件β收敛,工矿仓储用地3种收敛都存在。[结论]对不同区域与不同地类土地市场化程度非均衡发展趋势及其收敛性的认识,可为深化土地要素市场化配置提供依据。

Based on the micro-data of land transfer in China,the paper uses statistical model analysis and comparative analysis to measure and compare the degree and difference of land marketization between different regions and different land types in China from 2004 to 2017,and uses the model ofδconvergence andβconvergence to test its convergence.The results show that:The land marketization degree in China is in the middle level,with 2010 as the boundary showing an inverted U-shaped trend.The overall trend in different regions is basically the same as that in China,but the differences among different regions are obvious.The central region has the highest land marketization degree,the eastern region is the second,and the northeast and western regions are lower than the national average.In terms of different land types,the marketization degree of commercial and residential land rising steadily as a whole,the industrial and mining storage land increased rapidly in 2006-2008years,residential land showed a downward trend after 2010.From the perspective of spatial distribution,the land marketization degree in the whole country is increasing from west to east,but the land marketization degree in different provinces in the region is not balanced.The marketization degree in different land types is basically consistent with the overall situation of"high in the East and low in the west",but all kinds of land are still unbalanced in different regions.From the convergence trend,the land marketization degree in the eastern,northeastern and central regions only exists conditionalβconvergence,and there are three kinds of convergence in the western region.Absoluteβconvergence and conditionalβconvergence exist in residential land and commercial land,and three kinds of convergence exist in industrial and mining storage land.In conclusions,It analyzes the unbalanced development trend and convergence of land marketization degree in different regions and land types,that can provide a basis for deepening the market-oriented allocation of land factors.