农村低保兜底扶贫绩效的省际测度与优化路径——基于三阶段DEA模型的实证分析

INTER-PROVINCIAL MEASUREMENT AND OPTIMIZATION PATH OF POVERTY ALLEVIATION PERFORMANCE OF RURAL MINIMUM LIVING SECURITY——EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS BASED ON THREE-STAGE DEA MODEL

[目的]随着2020年脱贫攻坚战的全面胜利,我国进入了2020后扶贫时代,低收入人群、易致贫返贫人群以及贫困边缘人群虽然脱离了绝对贫困,但这些脆弱性群体仍受到相对贫困困扰,很难在短期内实现致富,并很容易再次陷入贫困,还需要农村最低生活保障制度进行兜底保障,因此研究我国农村最低生活保障制度兜底扶贫绩效,充分发挥其"兜底"功能,以应对返贫挑战,显得尤为重要。[方法]文章基于2016—2018年全国26个省(市、自治区)的相关统计数据,运用三阶段DEA模型,对农村最低生活保障兜底扶贫综合技术效率、纯技术效率、规模效率和规模报酬进行了测度和分析,并绘制了农村低保兜底扶贫绩效水平的区域分布图。[结果](1)农村低保兜底扶贫绩效综合效率值良好,扶贫纯技术效率较高,扶贫规模有一定不合理性。(2)城镇化水平和人均GDP的提高会制约农村低保兜底扶贫绩效的提升,公共财政收入的增加有利于农村低保兜底扶贫绩效的提升。(3)不同地区的农村低保兜底扶贫绩效存在差异。(4)农村低保精准扶贫瞄准度有待提高。[结论]提出优化农村低保财政支出规模、营造良好的外部环境、实施差异化政策、提高农村低保精准扶贫瞄准度等优化路径。

With the complete victory to combat poverty in 2020,China has entered the post-poverty era.Although vulnerable people who are with low-incomes,vulnerable to poverty and living precariously near the poverty line have escaped from absolute poverty,they are still plagued by relative poverty,and it is difficult for them to get rich in a short period of time,but easy to fall into poverty again.Therefore,they need the rural minimum living security system to guarantee a minimum living.To prevent the return to poverty,it is particularly important to study the performance of China’s rural minimum living security system to"guarantee a minimum living"function.Based on the data of 26 provinces(city,region),municipalities and autonomous regions in China from 2016 to 2018,this paper adopted the three-stage DEA model to measure and analyze the technical efficiency,pure technical efficiency,scale efficiency and returned to scale of poverty alleviation under the minimum living guarantee in rural areas,and drew a regional distribution map of the performance level.According to the results,firstly,the comprehensive efficiency value of the poverty alleviation performance under the minimum living guarantee in rural areas was fine,the pure technical efficiency was high,and the scale of poverty alleviation was somewhat unreasonable.Secondly,the increase in the level of urbanization and per capita GDP could restrict the improvement of the poverty alleviation performance,while the increase in public fiscal revenue was conducive to the improvement.Thirdly,poverty alleviation performance were differences in provinces,municipalities,and autonomous regions.Finally,the accuracy of targeted poverty alleviation in rural areas needed to be further improved.So,this paper proposes suggestions such as optimizing the financial expenditure scale of the rural minimum living guarantee,creating a good external environment,implementing differentiated policies,and improving the targeted poverty alleviation degree of the rural minimum living guarantee.