农产品价格与保鲜努力决策及协调契约研究

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT PRICE-FRESHNESS-KEEPING EFFORT AND REVENUE SHARING CONTRACT

[目的]农产品新鲜度的提升对于提升农产品供应链的整体效益具有重大作用。由单个供应商和单个零售商组成的农产品供应链中,各个节点企业在自身效益最大化前提下均没有足够动力独自保证农产品新鲜度。[方法]文章提出供应链成员可以采取合作的方式共同投资保证农产品新鲜度,在集中式决策模式下,通过设计契约合同进行利益的协调分配,使双方利益均达到最优。[结果]通过模型的计算及相应的数值仿真,结果表明:若供应链成员采取合作的方式投资农产品新鲜度的保鲜技术,不仅使自身利润增加,还可以使农产品的最优价格降低,新鲜度提高,消费者效用增加,产品销量提升,从而促进了农产品的有效推广与销售。[结论]产品新鲜度是影响农产品需求的重要因素,在农产品供应链模型中,通过设计合理的收益共享契约对农产品供应商与零售商之间的博弈进行协调,能够为农产品供应链成员进行更加合理有效的决策提供依据。

The improvement of the freshness of agricultural products plays an important role in improving the overall efficiency of the supply chain of agricultural products.In the agricultural product supply chain composed of a single supplier and a single retailer,every member of the supply chain cannot have enough power to improve the freshness of agricultural products alone on the premise of maximizing its own benefits.This paper proposed that members of the supply chain could cooperate to invest together to ensure the freshness of agricultural products.In the centralized decision-making model,the interests of both sides could be optimized by designing contracts to coordinate the distribution of interests.Through the calculation of the model and the corresponding numerical simulation,the results showed that if the supply chain members took the cooperative way to invest in the freshness preservation technology of agricultural products,it could not only increase their own profits,but also reduce the optimal price of agricultural products,improve the freshness,increase the utility of consumers,and increase the sales volume of products,so as to promote the effective promotion and sales of agricultural products.In summary,product freshness is an important factor affecting the demand of agricultural products.In the agricultural product supply chain model,by designing a reasonable revenue sharing contract to coordinate the game between suppliers and retailers of agricultural products,it can provide a basis for members of the agricultural product supply chain to make more reasonable and effective decisions.