从物象到实相:般若空观与晋宋诗歌山水审美的自觉

From Object to Reality:The Observing Emptiness and the Consciousness of Landscape Aesthetics in Jin and Song Poetry

晋宋之际,山水诗的出现反映文人们开始注目于山水的本色之美,走向了山水审美的自觉。不再像晋宋以前将山水视为抒发情志及悟道的工具,说明审美主体观山水的方式发生变化。以谢灵运为代表的一些晋宋文人与佛教关系十分密切,在般若空观影响下,他们能够越“执象”而观“实相”,拥有发现山水本然的观物方式,故其山水审美及创作深受浸染,山水的本色之美由此凸显。

During the Jin and Song dynasties,the emergence of landscape poetry reflected that writers began to pay attention to the true beauty of mountains and rivers,and moved towards a conscious aesthetic appreciation of mountains and rivers.Unlike before the Jin and Song dynasties,the landscape was no longer seen as a tool for expressing emotions and understanding the Tao,indicating a change in the way the aesthetic subject views landscape.Some literati in the Jin and Song dynasties,represented by Xie Lingyun,have a very close relationship with Buddhism.Under the influence of the observing emptiness,they were able to observe the“reality”and discover the natural way of observing mountains and rivers.Therefore,his landscape aesthetics and creation were deeply influenced,highlighting the true beauty of the landscape.