论《文心雕龙》象喻式美学命题

On the Figurative Aesthetic Propositions in the Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons

大量运用象喻式命题表达审美观念是《文心雕龙》的一个显著特征,因而此类命题是研究本书美学思想、美学话语及表述方式所不可或缺的内容。对象喻式美学命题的研究涉及结构类型、取象范围、譬喻方法及功能效果等方面问题。就结构类型而言,本书象喻式命题包括单句式、多句式、全象比喻式与半象比喻式四种类型。就取象范围而言,可概括为以人为喻、以物为喻及以事为喻三个方面。就譬喻方法而言,既有明喻、暗喻等常用之法,又有以譬喻为谓语、定语的灵活运用。就功能效果而言,此类命题既有效地表达了“文心”之思,具有重要的审美理论表达功能;又巧妙地创造了“雕龙”之美,具有重要的审美愉悦功能。

A prominent feature of the Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons is the use of a large number of figurative propositions to express aesthetic thoughts.Therefore,such propositions are an indispensable part of the study of the book’s aesthetic thoughts,aesthetic discourse,and expressions.The study of figurative propositions involves such aspects as types of structure,the scope of images,figurative methods,and functional effects.With regard to the types of structure,the figurative propositions in this book include four categories:singlesentence propositions,multi-sentence propositions,full-image propositions,and half-image propositions.As far as the scope of images is concerned,it involves three aspects,namely human images,object images,and thing images.As to the methods,there are commonly used methods such as similes and metaphors,as well as the flexible use of figurative expressions as predicate and attribute.In terms of functional effects,the figurative propositions not only express the thought of the“literary mind”and have an important expressive function of aesthetic theory,but also skillfully create the beauty of the“carving dragon”that serves the important function of aesthetics.