论王昌龄诗论中的诗境创构机制

On Wang Changling’s Thought of the Creation of Poetic Realm in His Poetic Theory

诗境创构论是王昌龄诗论中的重要组成部分,也是我们体认他诗论中“意境”内涵的重要工具。就诗人运思的心理过程来看,王昌龄的诗境创构包含“爽然感会”“视境于心”和“张意驰思”三个依次递进、环环相扣的环节。“爽然感会”是诗人在触物的基础上,以“凝心”“忘身”的审美心态,与自然物象双向往复感应而生成直观感相的过程。“视境于心”是诗人气足神完的状态下,与自然物象共感共振,并凭借主观直觉和知觉对直观感相进行整合变形生成内心视象的过程。“张意驰思”是诗人以语言符号结撰内心视象,“书之于纸”,呈现为诗作“境象”的过程。王昌龄将诗人“张意驰思”的传达过程纳入诗境的构思之中,延伸了诗境的创构历程,体现了他对诗境浑融、自足的认识。王昌龄对诗境创构机制的认识符合现代美学对意境创构过程的体认,是我们厘清中国传统意境美学内涵的重要资源。

The theory of poetic realm creation is an important part of Wang Changling’s poetic theory,and also an important tool for us to understand the connotation of“artistic conception”in his poetic theory.As far as the psychological process of the poet’s conception is concerned,Wang Changling’s process of creating poetic artistic conception includes three successive and interlinked links:“sudden feeling of interest”,“the poet and the image interact through the atmosphere of life”and“deliberate thinking”.On the basis of touching things,the poet uses the aesthetic mentality of“condensing his mind”and“forgetting his body”to interact with natural objects in a two-way way to create an intuitive feeling.In the state of full of energy,the poet feels resonance with the life spirit of natural objects,and integrates the intuitive sense with subjective intuition and perception to generate the process of inner vision.Zhang Yichi’s thinking“is a process in which a poet writes his inner vision with language symbols,writes it on paper,and presents it as an image in his poetry”.Wang Changling brought the communication process of the poet“deliberate thinking”into the conception of poetic conception,extended the process of creating poetic conception,and embodied his understanding of poetic conception’s harmony and self-sufficiency.Wang Changling’s understanding of the mechanism of creating poetic conception accords with modern aesthetics’understanding of the process of creating artistic conception,and is an important resource for us to clarify the connotation of traditional Chinese artistic conception aesthetics.