论《诗经》对先秦审美观念的早期拓展与深化

A Study of the Early Reclaiming and Deepening of Pre-Qin Aesthetic Views by the Book of Songs

作为我国最早的诗歌总集,《诗经》不仅是中国文学史研究的重要对象,也是中国美学史研究的宝贵材料。由《诗经》可知,艺术在殷周之际不再被单纯视为宗教祭祀活动的一部分,它还是一种日常生活中的娱乐活动,艺术由娱神向“乐(lè)”人过渡;进入西周以后,人们更加明确地提出艺术的作用不仅使人“乐”,还可在战争中传递号令、振奋人心,艺术创作的动力是人的内心情感,和谐乃是艺术的理想审美风格;西周末期以后,对人本身的审美又进入相关作者的视野,“美”多被用来形容人的外在形象,但当时的人们并不止于此,在外在形象之美外,还注意到人的内在精神之美,从而形成了内外合一、美善相因的人格审美理想。所以,一部《诗经》就是一部殷周之际至春秋中叶五百多年的审美观念史,它是对先秦审美观念的早期开拓与深化。

The Book of Songs as the first anthology of verse in China is not only an important object of studies on Chinese literature history,but also precious materials of studies on Chinese aesthetics history.From it,literature and art was not only regarded as part of sacrifice anymore,but also a activity of entertaining people.After entering the Western Zhou dynasty,people thought that the creative power was from inner emotion and harmony was the aesthetic ideal of literature and art.Moreover,after the late Western Zhou dynasty,people took the unity of inner and outer beauty as aesthetic ideal.Thus,the Book of Songs is the aesthetics history of Early China from the intersection of Yin and Zhou to the middle of Spring and Autumn Period.