宋代“观物”观对工笔画中写真精神的影响研究

A Study on the Influence of“Observation”View in Song Dynasty on the Spirit of Portrait in Meticulous Painting

宋代工笔花鸟画的意蕴一方面来自画家心灵,另一方面则来自自然本身。宋代花鸟画的写实并非是对自然物象的直接描绘,而是建立在物形、物理、物变与画理完美结合的基础上的一种写真。本文以审美观照、艺术构思、艺术传达三阶段为线索,试从宋人的观物方式,对物形、物理与物变的理想追求以及表现技法,来探讨宋代理学的“观物”观对宋代工笔花鸟画写真精神的影响。

The implication of meticulous flower-and-bird paintings in Song Dynasty not only comes from the heart of the painter,but also from nature itself.The realism of flower-and-bird paintings in the Song Dynasty does not refer to the direct depiction of natural objects,but a kind of portrait based on the perfect combination of the shape of objects,the texture of objects,the change of objects,and the principles of painting.Taking the three stages of aesthetic observation,artistic conception,and artistic communication as clues,this article tries to explore the influence of Song Dynasty’s“observation”view on Song Dynasty’s meticulous flower-and-bird paintings from the perspectives of the Song people’s way of viewing objects,the shape of objects,the texture of objects,the ideal pursuit of object changes,and the expression techniques.