隐逸文化与审美意象的确立——以中国绘画史“渔隐图”及“舟渔”“垂钓”图像为例

The Recluse Culture and the Establishment of Aesthetic Image

"渔隐图"及"舟渔""垂钓"图像是我国山水画史上最为基本的主题性绘画之一。它的出现具有深刻的文化根源和社会根源,尤其具有悠久历史的"隐逸文化",对于"渔隐图"及"舟渔""垂钓"图像审美意象的形成和发展,具有特殊的意义。本文结合中国相关文化观念及历代相关绘画专题,对"舟渔""垂钓"在山水画中的隐喻、象征含义进行了初步梳理和归纳,认为隐逸文化和庙堂礼乐文化是"渔隐图"及"舟渔""垂钓"图像及其审美意象得以发生、发展的重要观念支撑,是"渔隐图"及"舟渔""垂钓"图像绘制的核心文本依据。无论在社会安定、和平的时代,还是在社会动荡、朝代更替的特殊历史时期,都是如此。依据这七大象征内涵,本文将"渔隐图"及"舟渔""垂钓"图像所蕴含的审美思想内容、创作动因与中国士人的精神状态、心理因素,以及中国文化的某些基本观念联系起来,进行了深入的考察和论证,揭示了"渔隐图"及"舟渔""垂钓"图像形成的历史根源、文化根源和社会根源。深入发掘"渔隐图"及"舟渔"图像发生﹑发展的内在精神脉络、图像创作依据的文本,探讨"渔隐"图像中所体现的美学价值,对于深入理解中国山水画创作的文化内涵和精神特征,以及对书画的发展具有十分重要的意义。

The picture of boat and fisherman is the basic theme of Chinese mountains-and-waters painting.Its birth has deep cultural source and social roots.The recluse culture has tremendous effect to the birth and improvement of aesthetic images of boat and fisherman.The recluse culture and ritual culture are the important foundation of the picture of boat and fisherman.No matter when the society is stable or not,the picture of boat and fisherman is always so.The deep research on the picture of boat and fisherman plays a great role in understanding the cultural meaning and spiritual characteristics of Chinese mountains-and-waters paintings.