自我危险化中被害人答责与参与人的救助义务

Victim's Self-Accountability and Participant's Duty to Rescue in Self-Endangerment Situations

在被害人实施自我危险化的行为参与人没有救助的场合,需要界定行为人在被害人自我危险化中的先参与行为和不予救助后行为的性质来厘清整体的可罚性构造。行为人的参与行为不满足过失犯的构成要件该当性,至多作为不作为犯成立的先前行为时,该种情形在整体上归属于不作为犯的框架之下进行判断。不予救助行为成为法律规范评价重点的实行行为。在自我危险化的场合,自我答责理论的处理方案能够公正分配行为人与被害人之间的行为自由与责任而值得提倡,该情形中被害人自我答责与参与人的救助义务之间的边界在于被害人在自我组织领域对结果自我负责的成立而消解了先前行为侵害他人消极自由的作为义务产生的根据,参与人因而不承担基于先行行为产生的救助义务。

In the case where the participant does not rescue the victim in the self-endangerment behavior,it is necessary to defne the nature of the actor's participation in the victim's self-endangerment behavior and the behavior after not rescuing the victim to clarify the overall punishable structure.When the actor's participation behavior does not meet the constitutive requirements of the negligent offense due to the objective reduction of the level of danger and the subjective reasonable reliance on the victim's self-governance risk,it can only be regarded as a previous act that does not meet the conditions for the establishment of the crime of omission.The act of not rescuing becomes the focus of legal norm evaluation.In the case of self-endangerment behavior,the treatment plan of the theory of self-accountability can fairly allocate the freedom and liability between the actor and the victim,which is worth promoting.In this case,the boundary between the victim's self-accountability and the participant's obligation to rescue lies in the establishment of the victim's self-accountability for the outcome in the feld of self-organization,which eliminates the basis for the previous act of infringing on others'negative freedom as an obligation to rescue.Therefore,the participant does not bear the obligation to rescue based on the previous act.