民事诉讼抗辩另案处理的实践与反思

Practice and Reflection on the Alternative Handling of Civil Litigation Defense

抗辩另案处理是法官在保留当事人诉权的前提下,规避实体判断,释明当事人就抗辩事由另案处理的程序性裁决。抗辩另案处理意在防止诉讼程序迟延,及时保护当事人合法权益,实践中异化为法官片面追求诉讼效率、快速结案的程序策略,忽视了当事人平等程序性主体地位,与一事不再理原则相悖。实体与程序规范衔接不畅,抗辩关联性、确定性要件的增加,提高了抗辩适用的门槛。合理规制抗辩另案处理,应统合抗辩概念,增设抗辩的具体程序规范,适当放宽关联性及确定性要求。

On the premise of reserving the litigant’s right of action, the judge evades the substantive judgment and explains the procedural ruling of the litigant on the separate handling of the defense. In practice, it is alienated into the procedural strategy of judges’ one-sided pursuit of litigation efficiency and rapid settlement, ignoring the equal procedural subject status of the parties, which is contrary to the principle of non bis in idem. The poor connection between entity and procedural norms and the increase of relevance and certainty elements of defense raise the threshold of defense application. To reasonably regulate the alternative handling of defense, we should integrate the concept of defense, add specific procedural norms of defense and appropriately relax the requirements of relevance and certainty.