政治犯罪不引渡原则

Principle of Non-Extradition for Political Offences

近日华为高管孟晚舟案件引发关注,因为加拿大有可能将孟晚舟应美国要求引渡至美国,因此国际法中有关引渡制度的研究,应当结合美国单边经济金融制裁的特性展开。政治犯罪不引渡原则在当今世界虽然遭遇了诸多争论,但是仍然对得到了普遍承认。对于何为政治犯罪的构成,过去往往集中于论证、区分政治犯罪的客观方面,而忽视了应当自犯罪人的主体角度,去考察犯罪人是否因引渡遭受基本人权的损害。同时,对于引渡请求成立与否,还应当同时充分考虑基本的人权观念和正义理念,而不仅局限于被请求国和请求国在国内法上的考虑。政治犯罪不引渡的首要考虑因素只能是人权问题,华为案是政治性的,加拿大不应当做出准予引渡的决定。

The recent case of Huawei’s senior executive Meng Wanzhou raised concerns that Canada might extradite her to the U.S.at the request of the U.S.,so a study of the extradition system in international law should be conducted in the light of the nature of U.S.unilateral economic and financial sanctions.The principle of non-extradition for political crimes has been widely accepted in the world.As for the composition of political crimes,the past tends to focus on the argumentation and distinguish the objective aspects of political crimes,while ignoring the perspective of the subject of the offender,to examine whether the offender suffered damage to the basic human rights due to extradition.At the same time,for the establishment of extradition requests,basic human rights concepts and concepts of justice should also be fully considered,and not limited to the domestic law of the requested and requesting countries.The primary consideration for non-extradition of political crimes can only be human rights issues.Huawei case is political in nature and Canada should not make a decision to grant extradition.