“合与和”:当代中国特色治理工具梳理

Coordination and Harmony: A Review of GovernanceTools in Contemporary China

作为一个超大型的国家,中国国家治理离不开对其基本国情的判断和分析。长期以来,对于中国政治体系和特点的判断十分丰富,而其中最具有代表性的是认为中国国家治理一直面临着“权威体制与有效治理”之间的矛盾。基于这样的判断,新中国成立以来,新政权在实践中选择了一系列符合中国实际的治理工具,这些治理工具可以分为两类,一是基于中央地方关系基础上的“统一权威与分散治理的整合”,二是基于国家社会关系基础上的“集中权威与自主治理的调和”。这是对自清朝晚期地方过度分权导致的国家政权机器碎片化的重大修正,奠定了当代中国国家治理体系和治理能力发展的基础,更体现了中国国家治理中的“合和”的哲学。

TAs a super-sized country,the governance in China is hardly successful without the judgment and analysis of its basic national conditions formed in the past thousands of years.For a long time,the studies on China’s political system and characteristics are abundant and the most representative one is that China has been facing the contradiction between“authoritative system and effective governance”.Based on this judgment,since the founding of PRC,the new regime has applied a series of governance tools in accordance with China’s reality.These governance tools can be divided into two categories:one is the integration of unified authority and decentralized governance based on the relationship between central and local governments and the other is the reconciliation of centralized authority and autonomous governance based on the relationship between state and society.This is a major amendment to the fragmentation of state caused by excessive decentralization in the late Qing Dynasty,which laid the foundation for the development of contemporary China’s state capacity and embodied the philosophy of“Coordination and Harmony”in China’s governance.