侵权法的哲学基础探析

An Analysis of the Philosophical Basis of Tort law

有权利必有救济,有损害则有赔偿,是民法基本的价值理念。侵犯他人的权利源于人性中的恶、非理性与不谨慎,现代化生产方式与生活习惯也造成了损害频发、风险激增。按照传统的道德基础,侵权责任的承担体现了复仇、救赎、惩罚、矫正正义等思想。在现代社会中,侵权责任与保险责任、社会保障制度、国家责任等交织在一起,构成了立体化、全方位的救济网络,社会整体正义思想弥补了矫正正义的不足。外壳理论、社会交往规范理论也可以作为新的解释视角。

If there is a right,there must be relief and if there is damage,there will be compensation,which is the basic value of civil law.The violation of the rights of others stems from the evil,irrationality and insanity in human nature.Modern production methods and living habits also cause frequent damage and a sharp increase in risks.In accordance with the traditional moral foundation,the burden of tort liability reflects the ideas of revenge,redemption,punishment,and correction of justice.In modern society,tort liability is intertwined with insurance liability,social security system,state responsibility,which constitutes a three-dimensional,all-round relief network.The overall social justice thoughts make up for the shortcomings of correcting justice.Shell theory and social interaction norm theory can also serve as a new perspective.