唐律“殴伤见受业师”条源流考论

Textual Research on the Origin of the Article“Beating Masters”in Tang Dynasty Law

唐律“殴伤见受业师”条的适用对象具有“官师一体”的政治身份和“亲师一体”的拟制血亲身份,即师徒关系展现出政治化与伦理化特征。师徒关系的政治化目标在于利用儒家意识形态进行社会思想的整合与政治合法化的塑造。师徒关系的伦理化,实质是对家庭血缘关系的模仿与借用,是儒家以家庭亲情为核心的伦理关系扩大至全社会,并致力于“大同社会”的古老理念的反映。唐以前,基于“官师一体”的政教结构,侵犯受业师的行为蕴含于“殴官吏”律条之中,至唐代,“殴伤见受业师”从“殴官吏”中分化而独立。唐以后“殴伤见受业师”条的变迁,大的趋势是“受业师”政治身份的淡化与儒家师徒伦理关系的扩张。

In Tang Dynasty Law,the applicable object of the article of“Beating and Injuring Masters”has the political identity of“Integration of Officials and Masters”and the fictitious consanguinity of“Integration of Relatives and Masters”,namely,the politicization and ethicization of relationship of between masters and apprentices.The purpose of politicization of relationship between masters and apprentices is to integrate social thoughts and shape political legitimacy by virtue of Confucian ideology.In essence,the ethicization of relationship between masters and apprentices is the imitation and reference of family consanguinity,which is the reflection of the ancient idea that Confucian ethical relationship with family affection as the core extends to the whole society and commits itself to“great harmony society”.Before Tang Dynasty,based on the political and religious structure of“integration of officials and masters”,the behavior of violating masters was included in the article of“Beating the Official”.Until Tang Dynasty,“Beating and Injuring Masters”was different from the“Beating the Official”and listed as an independent article.After the Tang Dynasty,the main trend of the change of the article of“Beating and Injuring Masters”was the weakening political identity of masters and the expansion of the family consanguinity of relationship between masters and apprentices of Confucianism.