论行政裁量基准的动态体系论优化

On the Optimization of Administrative Discretion Benchmark by Dynamic System Theory

行政裁量基准在有效规制行政权行使的同时,也存在亟待完善和进一步优化之处,尤其是技术路径不足所导致的裁量基准机械僵化、制定主体多而产生的裁量基准不统一,以及裁量基准缺乏强制执行力等,都对裁量基准制度的良性发展产生不利影响。动态体系论与行政裁量基准都力图解决法律规范与社会现实的适应性不足问题,所针对的现实状况、所希望达到的目的以及所采取手段的相似性,使得两者具有一定的共通性,也使得动态体系论具备了优化行政裁量基准制度的可能性。而动态体系论明确考量的“要素”并将之提升为法律规范,以及要求将要素之间协动过程外显等特点,使之具备了对行政裁量基准优化的优势。要将法律规范和国务院的行政解释作为行政裁量的情节“要素”的载体;要将部门解释和省级政府地方解释作为各情节要素协动和处理格次的主要载体;要将执法人员的充分说理作为裁量基准适用的硬性要求,以实现裁量基准的普遍适用。

While administrative discretion benchmark effectively regulates the exercise of administrative power,it also has some urgent problems to be improved and further optimized.In particular,the mechanical rigidity of the discretion benchmark due to the lack of technical paths,the lack of uniformity of the discretion benchmark due to the large number of subjects,and the lack of enforcement of the discretion benchmark,etc.,have a negative impact on the benign development of the administrative discretion benchmark system.The same problems to be solved with regard to the adaptability of legal norms to social realities,as well as the similarity of the realities to be addressed,the aims to be achieved and the means to be adopted,it makes the dynamic system theory and the administrative discretion benchmark have certain commonness,and also makes the dynamic system theory have the possibility of optimizing the administrative discretion benchmark.Dynamic system theory has the advantage of optimizing the administrative discretion benchmark,because it clarifies the“elements”and promotes them into legal norms,and requires the coordination process between the elements to be visible.The legal norm and the administrative interpretation of the State Council should be taken as the carrier of the plot“elements”of administrative discretion.The departmental interpretation and the provincial government local interpretation should be taken as the main carriers for the coordination of plot elements and treatment grades.The full reasoning of law enforcement officials should be taken as a mandatory requirement for the application of the discretionary benchmark in order to achieve the universal application of the discretionary benchmark.