患者近亲属代为行使知情同意权的法定情形

Legal Circumstances of Patient’s Close Relatives Exercising Informed Consent Right

患者近亲属代为行使知情同意权的法定情形是《民法典》第1291条第1款后段规定的患者无同意能力、保护性治疗两种。当患者不拥有理解、分析、决定能力时,不赋予其同意的资格,而由其利益维护者近亲属代为行使知情同意权;“不能向患者说明”就是指患者无同意能力。患者患有重大疾病等特殊情况下,医务人员对患者保密,患者无法知悉治疗的相关信息而不能行使知情同意权,此时也由近亲属代为行使;“不宜向患者说明”就是指保护性治疗。由于不存在法律漏洞、不具有相似性、与判决的其他理由相矛盾,有的法院创设的“类推适用保护性治疗”并不妥当,不应当是患者近亲属代为行使知情同意权的法定情形。不论是基于解释论的视角,还是基于立法论的视角,有的法院创设的“在医院一直护理”不应当是患者近亲属代为行使知情同意权的法定情形。

According to last half of first paragraph of article 1219 of PRC Civil Code,patient’s close relatives can exercise informed consent right only under circumstances of patient having no capacity to consent and protective treatment.When patient doesn’t have the ability to understand,analyze and decide,he shouldn’t entitled to consent,and patient’s close relatives who defend their interests can exercise informed consent right.The words“unable to tell patient”in last half of first paragraph of article 1219 of PRC Civil Code refer to patient’s no capacity to consent.When patient has a serious disease and other special circumstances,medical staff keep secret for patient,and patient can’t know treatmental information and can’t exercise informed consent right.So close relatives can exercise.The words“it is inappropriate to tell patient”in last half of first paragraph of article 1219 of PRC Civil Code refer to protective treatment.Because of no legal loophole,no similarity and conflict with other reasons of the judgment,“analogical reasoning of protective treatment”created by any court isn’t the reasonable circumstance for patients’close relatives to exercise informed consent right.Whether from the theory of legislation or the theory of interpretation,“always nursing patient in hospital”created by any court isn’t the reasonable circumstance for patients’close relatives to exercise informed consent right.