人工智能机器翻译场景下翻译权制度的重释

Re-interpretation of the Translation Right System in the Scene of Artificial Intelligence Machine Translation

人工智能机器翻译对著作权法上的翻译权制度产生了多方面的影响,需要结合人工智能机器翻译的新特点对翻译权制度进行重新阐释。人工智能机器翻译改变了翻译权制度的技术基础、产业生态和文化环境,改变了翻译权这一“专有”权利的外部运行环境。著作权人与翻译者有必要就涉及机器翻译的事项进行更为详细的约定。人工智能机器翻译的直接生成物不属于翻译作品。翻译者在译后编辑环节的贡献可以使“机器翻译+译后编辑”的成果成为受著作权法保护的翻译作品。在人工智能机器翻译数据准备阶段和模型训练阶段,未经许可对他人在先作品进行的非表达性使用不应当将被视为著作权侵权。如果使用者未经许可利用机器翻译对他人作品进行翻译,应当由使用者向原作品著作权人承担翻译权侵权责任。人工智能机器翻译经营者的翻译权侵权责任需要根据其提供的服务的性质进行认定。翻译权制度的数字化跃迁应当坚持“以人为本”的基本立场。

AI machine translation has many influences on the translation right system in copyright law,so it is necessary to reinterpret the translation right system in combination with the new characteristics of AI machine translation.AI machine translation has changed the technical basis,industrial ecology and cultural environment of the translation right system,and changed the external operating environment of the“exclusive right”.It is necessary for the copyright owner and the translator to make a more detailed agreement on matters involving machine translation.The direct product of AI machine translation is not translated works.The contribution of translators in the post-translation editing process can make the achievements of“machine translation+post-translation editing”become the translated works which protected by the copyright law.In the data preparation stage and model training stage of AI machine translation,the non-expressive use of others'previous works without permission should not be regarded as copyright infringement.If the user uses machine translation to translate another person's work without permission,the user shall bear the liability for the infringement of the translation right to the copyright owner of the original works.The tort liability of the translation rights of AI machine translation operators should be determined according to the nature of the services they provide.The digital transition of the translation right system should adhere to the basic position of“people-oriented”.