虚假诉讼检察监督职能再定位

Function Repositioning of the Procuratorial Supervision for False Litigation

虚假诉讼在我国的典型存在,除了归根于我国社会信用体系不健全以及诉讼诚信原则的失范因素以外,与当事人主义诉讼模式以及调解制度的固有局限性也不无关系。检察监督对虚假诉讼进行规制和遏止具有天然制度优势。虚假诉讼检察监督权是兼有行政性质与司法性质的混合性权力。虚假诉讼打破了传统民事诉讼基本构架平衡,加强和完善对虚假诉讼的检察监督,应该参照权力制衡理念,以事后监督为主,兼顾事前和事中监督,坚持法律职业共同体理念,重在与各方协同,避免部门对立,并在司法谦抑与能动检察之间寻求平衡,推动虚假诉讼检察监督守正创新。要实现检察监督职能的理念更新和重新定位,检察机关应当在虚假诉讼治理中发挥先锋主导作用,通过立法进一步拓宽虚假诉讼案件来源机制,赋予检察建议刚性约束力,加强和完善检察机关调查核实权,构建“民事、行政与刑事”制裁三位一体的协同治理体系。

The typical existence of false litigation in China is not only rooted in the imperfect social credit system and the anomie factors of the principle of litigation integrity,but also related to the inherent limitations of the litigant litigation mode and the mediation system.The procuratorial supervision has natural institutional advantages in regulating and suppressing false litigation.The procuratorial supervision power of false litigation is a mixed power with administrative and judicial nature.False litigation has broken the balance of the basic structure of traditional civil litigation.To strengthen and improve the procuratorial supervision of false litigation,we should refer to the concept of Checks and Balances of Power,give priority to post-supervision,give consideration to antecedent supervision and in-process supervision,adhere to the concept of Legal Professional Community,focus on coordination with all parties,avoid departmental opposition,and seek a balance between judicial modesty and active prosecution,so as to promote the integrity and innovation of procuratorial supervision of false litigation.To realize the conceptual update and reposition of the procuratorial supervision function,the procuratorial organ should play a leading role in the governance of false litigation.It is suggested to further expand the source mechanism of false litigation cases through legislation,give procuratorial suggestions rigid binding force,strengthen and improve the procuratorial organ’s investigation and verification power,and build a coordinated governance system of Civil,Administrative and Criminal Sanctions.