数字治理背景下行政程序证据规则的调整

Adjustment of Evidence Rules of Administrative Procedures in the Context of Digital Governance

我国通过建设一体化在线政务服务平台和政务大数据体系推进政府数字治理。数字治理以行政行为标准化、规范化、清单化为基础,实现跨地区、部门、层级政务数据共享及业务协同。行政机关之间通过平台协同调查、收集及审查判断证据,证据行为由封闭向开放转变,电子数据成为主要证据类型。数字治理让证明更容易,可以适当提高证明标准,将原由申请人承担的部分证明责任转移至行政机关,行政活动在部分领域可采用实质审查规则,数据系统推送的证据原则上具有可采性。满足行政程序调查收集及审查判断证据需要,一体平台和政务大数据体系须建立案件事实调查辅助系统,提供证据材料识别、标识、提示及辅助质证等功能。

China promotes government digital governance by building an integrated online government service platform and government big data system.Digital governance is based on the standardization,normalization and listing of administrative acts to achieve cross-regional,departmental and hierarchical government data sharing and business collaboration.Administrative organs cooperate to investigate,collect and review evidence through the platform,and the evidence behavior changes from closed to open,and electronic data becomes the main type of evidence.Digital governance makes it easier to prove.It can appropriately improve the standard of proof and transfer part of the burden of proof originally borne by the applicant to the administrative organ.Administrative activities can adopt substantive review rules in some areas.The evidence pushed by the data system is admissible in principle.To meet the needs of administrative procedure investigation,collection,review and judgment of evidence,the integrated platform and the big data system of government affairs must establish a case fact investigation auxiliary system to provide evidence material identification,recognition,prompt and auxiliary cross-examination functions.