元宇宙虚拟法庭的提出及其法律机制

The Proposition and Legal Mechainsm of the Virtual Court in the Metaverse

元宇宙技术的应用改变了传统在线法庭的诉讼场景,元宇宙虚拟法庭应运而生。2022年9月,厦门市思明区法院在国内率先采用元宇宙虚拟法庭形式进行庭审,开启了我国元宇宙虚拟法庭司法实践的新纪元。元宇宙虚拟法庭,又称元宇宙法庭,是指以元宇宙技术为支撑构建的由人民法院代表国家依法审判各类案件的专用三维法庭审理场所。与传统在线诉讼规则相比,元宇宙虚拟法庭有着特有的直接言词原则与去中心化原则。元宇宙虚拟法庭有利于解决传统在线法庭电子送达难的问题,起到重构传统在线法庭准入制度识别制度的作用。元宇宙虚拟法庭中当事人的诉讼条件与诉讼能力、当事人同意、案件适宜元宇宙虚拟法庭审理等适用要件的确立,以元宇宙虚拟法庭送达规则、元宇宙虚拟法庭准入识别制度为核心的元宇宙虚拟法庭审理前准备工作机制的形成,元宇宙空间在线法庭证据规则、元宇宙虚拟法庭环境与数字人监督制度、元宇宙虚拟法庭审理同等效力规则等元宇宙虚拟法庭基本规则的确立,为我国元宇宙虚拟法庭诉讼规则的科学制定奠定理论基础。

The application of Metaverse technology has changed the litigation scene of the traditional online court,and the Metaverse virtual court came into being.In September 2022,the Siming primary court of Xiamen city took the lead in adopting the metaverse virtual court for trial in China,opening a new era of judicial practice in China metaverse virtual court.The Metaverse Virtual Court,also known as the Metaverse Court,refers to a dedicated three-dimensional court built on the support of metaverse-enabling technology,where the people’s courts represent the country and try various cases according to law.Compared with traditional online litigation rules,the metaverse virtual court has two unique principles:the principle of direct statement and the principle of decentralization.The metaverse virtual court is conducive to solving the problem of difficult electronic service in traditional online courts,and plays a role in reconstructing the access system and identification system of traditional online courts.In the metaverse virtual court,the litigation conditions and litigation capacity of the parties,the consent of the parties,and the suitability of the case for the trial of the metaverse virtual court are established.The formation of the preparatory work mechanism before the trial of the virtual court of the metaverse,the establishment of the basic rules of the virtual court of the metaverse,such as evidence rules of the online court of the metaverse space,the supervision system of the virtual court environment of the metaverse and digital human beings,and the rule of equal effect in the trial of the virtual court of the metaverse,have provided great supports for our country.The scientific formulation of the metaverse virtual court litigation rules lays a theoretical foundation.