网络平台的动态规制理论

The Dynamic Theory on Regulating Internet Platform

网络平台是互联网时代的新事物,立法者习惯于以量身定制的思路为平台“逐案设法”,但在网络平台快速迭代的趋势下,定制型立法将陷入“无限立法循环”。问题的根源在于,静态的管制立法思维落后于网络平台的动态发展规律。若要走出“无限立法循环”,首先应放弃零风险的规制目标,在立法技术上应以提取公约数的逻辑加强抽象立法,在法律结构上应搭建“后设规制”的基本框架。“后设规制”是一个动态开放的体系,它要求政府的角色后撤,以事后的绩效监管代替微观行为规制,通过绩效监管倒逼平台自我规制,由平台自行探索适合平台内部生态的治理规则。平台自治的经验可通过动态的信息反馈系统反哺平台立法、优化政府的绩效监管。政府还可通过“软法”引导平台自治,借此为“硬法”探索道路。平台立法还可预先设定日落条款,为法律更新设定倒计时。这样的试错思维和动态反馈循环,有助于应对网络平台的更新迭代趋势。

Internet platforms are new things in the Internet era,and legislators are accustomed to legislation case by case for platforms with“a tailor-made mindset”.However,in the trend of rapid iteration of internet platforms,custom-made legislation will fall into“infinite legislative loop”.The root of the problem is that the static regulatory legislation lags behind the dynamic development of internet platforms.To get out of the“infinite legislative loop”,we should abandon the regulatory objectives of zero risk in legislative goal,strengthen the abstract legislation by extracting convention numbers in legislative technique,and build the basic framework of“meta-regulation”in the legal structure.The meta-regulation regime is a dynamic and open system,which requires the government to withdraw its role and replace the micro-behavior regulation with post-performance supervision,so as to force the platform to be autonomous.It allows the platform to explore the governance rules which are suitable for the internal ecology of the platform.The experience of platform autonomy can feed back the platform legislation and optimize the government’s performance regulation through a dynamic information feedback system.The government can also guide the platform autonomy through“soft law”and explore the way for“hard law”through it.Platform legislation can also set a sunset clause in advance to set a countdown for legal updates.Such trial-and-error thinking and dynamic feedback loop can help cope with the trend of updating and iteration of internet platforms.