家庭亲密度与适应性对农村留守儿童学校适应的影响研究

A Study on the Influence of Family Cohesion and Adaptability on School Adaptation of Rural Left-Behind Children

采用家庭亲密度与适应性量表、学校适应量表对932名农村留守儿童进行问卷调查,以探讨家庭亲密度与适应性对农村留守儿童学校适应的影响机制。结果表明:(1)总体上,农村留守家庭所属中间型和极端型比例过高,家庭“松散”和“僵硬”问题突显;(2)农村留守儿童学校适应水平不高,非留守儿童在学校适应及其各维度上的适应情况显著高于留守儿童,曾留守儿童在学校适应和同伴关系适应上显著高于留守儿童;(3)家庭亲密度和适应性对农村留守儿童学校适应具有显著正向预测效应。据此,可以通过培育家庭亲子关系、重视家庭经验习得、增强父母教育卷入等方式完善留守儿童的家庭功能,进而促进其学校适应。

To explore the mechanism of family cohesion and adaptability on rural left-behind children’s school adaptation,932 rural left-behind children were investigated using the Family Cohesion and Adaptability Scale and School Adaptation Scale.The results showed that:1)the proportion of mid-range left-behind families and extreme left-behind families in rural areas was overly high on the whole,and the“disengaged”and“rigid”state of the family was prominent;2)rural left-behind children’s school adaptation level was not high,non-left-behind children were significantly higher than left-behind children in school adaptation and other dimensions;former left-behind children were significantly higher than left-behind children in school adaptation and peer relationship adaptation dimensions;3)family cohesion and adaptability significantly positively predicted the school adaptation of left-behind children in rural areas.Therefore,the family functioning of left-behind children can be improved by fostering family parent-child relationship,attaching importance to family experience acquisition,and enhancing parents’educational involvement,so as to promote the school adaptation of left-behind children.