新西兰早期特殊教育教师的职前培养模式探析

An Analysis of the Preservice Training Model of Early Childhood Special Education Teachers in New Zealand

新西兰早期特殊教育教师的职前培养主要由梅西大学和坎特伯雷大学负责,两所高校建立了面向幼儿教师的培养项目,确立了全纳教育理念下的特殊教育教师培养目标,设置了基于普通教育的特殊教育课程,并以研究生文凭项目为基础设立了多级培养项目。以上培养模式总体呈现以下三大特征:各级项目流通机制灵活,教育实践课程难度较大,教师筛选贯穿培养全程。借鉴以上经验,同时结合我国师资培养现状,为我国早期特殊师资培养提供可资参考的改进策略。

Massey University and the University of Canterbury are mainly in charge of the preservice training of early childhood special education teachers in New Zealand.The two universities have established a diploma program for preschool teachers with the goal of cultivating teachers in the context of inclusive education.They have also set up special education curricula based on general education and developed multi-level programs based on the diploma program.Generally speaking,the above model presents the following characteristics:the circulation mechanism at all program levels is flexible;the practical courses are difficult;teacher selection runs through the whole training process.Drawing from New Zealand’s experience and combining with the current situation in China,some improvement strategies are given for China’s early childhood special education teacher training.