智力超常儿童的工作记忆特点——基于工作记忆精确度与广度的实验研究

The Characteristics of Intelligent Supernormal Children’s Working Memory:An Experimental Study Based on Working Memory Precision and Span

选取合肥市某校13-14岁智力超常儿童、智力良好儿童和一般智力儿童共107名,采用Corsi组块任务和延迟反应任务考察不同智力水平儿童的工作记忆精确度及广度,从而揭示智力超常儿童的工作记忆特点。结果显示:(1)智力超常儿童和智力良好儿童的工作记忆广度无显著差异,但均显著优于一般智力儿童;(2)智力超常儿童的工作记忆精确度显著优于另两组儿童,并且抑制无关刺激干扰的能力也要显著优于另两组儿童。该结果揭示智力超常儿童工作记忆的精确度与广度均具有优越性,且精确度上体现的优越性更为突出、稳定。

This study selected 107 intelligent supernormal children,good intelligence children and average intelligence children aged 13-14 in Hefei and investigated their visual working memory precision and span using the Corsi block task,delayed response task.The results showed that:1)working memory spans between gifted children and good intelligence children didn’t differ significantly,which were better than average intelligence children;2)supernormal children’s working memory precision was significantly better than that of the other two groups,and supernormal children’s probability of non-targeted responses was significantly lower than that of the other two groups.It is suggested that supernormal children excels on both working memory span and precision.Moreover,their advantage in precision is more salient and stable.