人力资本跨国流出、专利权保护与技术创新——基于技术领域层面的实证检验

Human Capital Outflow,Patent Protection and Technological Innovation——Empirical Test Based on Technical Field Level

本文使用84个国家1999~2017年的非平衡面板数据,分技术领域研究了人力资本跨国流出对流出国技术创新的影响,以及人力资本流出国国内专利权保护对人力资本跨国流出技术创新效应的调节作用。研究结果表明,人力资本跨国流出不利于流出国国内技术创新水平的提高,但人力资本流出国国内专利权保护力度的增强有利于缓解这一不利影响,甚至能够使得人力资本跨国流出对流出国国内技术创新产生净的正向促进作用。该作用在不同技术领域和不同类型国家中存在差异。作用机制检验结果表明,专利权保护力度的增强通过吸引海外人才回流和国际人才流入促进流出国国内技术创新水平的提升。进一步地,本文发现人力资本跨国流出和专利权保护未能促进流出国国内技术比较优势的提升。本文的研究结论对我国人才政策和技术创新政策的制定具有一定启示意义。

This paper uses unbalanced panel data of 84 countries from 1999 to 2017 to study the impact of human capital transnational flow on the technological innovation in the Outflow countries at the technical field level,and the moderating effect of the patent protection.The results show that emigration is harmful to the technological innovation in the sending countries,but the enhanced patent protection in the sending countries can alleviate this negative effect,and even make a net positive effect on the technological innovation.The effect differs in different technical fields and different types of countries.The enhanced patent protection can promote the technological innovation in the sending countries by attracting the return of emigrants and the foreign talents’inflow.Furthermore,we find that emigration and the patent protection have failed to promote its technical comparative advantage in the sending countries.The conclusions of this paper have certain implications for the formulation of China’s talent policy and technological innovation policy.