自贸试验区制度创新提升城市全要素生产率了吗

Why the System Innovation of Pilot Free Trade Zone Improves Urban Total Factor Productivity

党的二十大报告对实现高质量发展进行战略部署时指出,要“着力提高全要素生产率”。依托自贸试验区建设开展的具有中国特色的“制度创新”探索,不仅具有既有理论研究所揭示的制度质量提升和变迁的一般特征,而且具有“因地制宜,差异探索”的制度质量提升的域观式特征。上述双重特征对提升城市全要素生产率具有促进作用,从具体的作用机制来看,主要通过提高城市创新能力、促进城市产业结构优化升级以及优化政府财政资源配置、提高财政科技支出三个机制,推动城市全要素生产率提升。本文以理论分析为先导,并利用机器学习文本分析方法,在对自贸试验区制度创新指数进行量化评估的基础之上,采用2013~2020年各自贸试验区所在城市面板数据,基于双向固定效应法实证分析了自贸试验区制度创新对于全要素生产率的现实影响,实证结果证实了上述理论假说的正确性。本文研究不仅从自贸试验区制度创新层面拓展了城市全要素生产率影响因素分析,而且对我国如何利用自贸试验区制度创新进一步提高城市全要素生产率、助推我国高质量发展也有重要启示意义。

The report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that we should“focus on improving total factor productivity”when making strategic plans for achieving high-quality development.Based on the.construction of pilot free trade zones,the exploration of“institutional innovation”with Chinese characteristics not only has the general characteristics of institutional quality improvement and change revealed by the existing theoretical research,but also has the regional characteristics of“adapting to local conditions and exploring differences”of institutional quality improvement.The above dual features can promote the improvement of urban global factor productivity.From the perspective of specific mechanism,the improvement of urban total factor productivity can be promoted mainly through three mechanisms:improving urban innovation capacity,promoting the optimization and upgrading of urban industrial structure,and optimizing the allocation of government financial resources to improve financial science and technology expenditure.Guided by theoretical analysis and using the machine learning text analysis method,this paper quantitatively evaluates the institutional innovation index of pilot free trade zones and empirically analyzes the practical impact of institutional innovation of pilot free trade zones on total factor productivity by using the panel data of the cities where the pilot free trade zones are located from 2013 to 2020 based on the two-way fixed effect method.The empirical results confirm the correctness of the above theoretical hypothesis.This study not only expands the analysis of infuencing factors of urban total factor productivity from the level of institutional innovation of free trade pilot zones,but also has important implications for how to use institutional innovation of free trade pilot zones to further improve urban total factor productivity and boost our high-quality development.