共享经济的本质:一个交易组态观

The Essence of The Sharing Economy:A Perspective of Transaction Configuration

作为社会科学中的大伞构念之一,“共享经济”目前内涵不清、边界不明。维护共享经济构念的严谨性、厘清其内涵与边界必须以深刻地理解共享经济现象的本质为前提。本文以比较方法为基本分析工具,以交易作为分析的出发点和基本单位,运用组态视角下的类型学策略,建构了一个由交易三大核心要素的一阶维度构成的交易组态一般分析框架,并据此揭示了共享经济的本质。共享经济本质上是资源的间断性或非间断性连续使用者为获取经济利益、暂时性地让渡资源可逆性使用权的特殊市场交易现象;作为交易边缘要素,互联网通过改变交易时间和场所、提高交易速度、减少中间环节等,降低了交易费用,进而影响了共享经济的边界。

As one of the umbrella constructs in social science,“sharing economy”is currently unclear in connotation and boundary.To maintain the rigor of the construction of sharing economy and clarify its connotation and boundary,it is necessary to deeply understand the essence of sharing economy.This paper,employing comparative method as the basic analytical tool and transaction as the starting point and basic unit of the analysis,constructs a general analysis framework of transaction configurations consisting of first-order dimensions of three core elements of transaction with the typology strategy from the perspective of configuration,and accordingly reveals the essence of the sharing economy.The Sharing economy is a special market transaction phenomenon in which the punctuated or non-punctuated continuous users of resources temporarily transfer the reversible access of resources for economic benefits.The sharing economy is a subset of the rental economy,or,more accurately,a subset of the short-term rental economy.As a transactional peripheral element,the internet reduces transaction costs by changing the time and place of transactions,improving transaction speed,and reducing intermediate links,thus affecting the boundary of the sharing economy.