营商环境影响了企业出口国内增加值吗?——来自微观调研数据的经验证据

Does Business Environment Affect Enterprises’ Export of Domestic Value-added?——Empirical Evidence from Micro-survey Data

本文利用大规模企业微观调研数据,并与中国工业企业数据库和中国海关数据库进行匹配,从企业微观层面测算了营商环境指数和企业出口国内增加值率,据此计量检验了营商环境对企业出口国内增加值率的影响。结果表明:第一,不利的营商环境,的确显著抑制了企业出口国内增加值率的提升,其中,以经济要素表征的不利营商环境对企业出口国内增加值率的作用力最大,其后依次为要素市场环境、社会法律环境以及基础设施要素环境。上述研究发现在采用替换关键指标,以及利用去头子样本和去尾子样本等方法进行的计量回归中依然稳健。第二,不利的营商环境对企业出口国内增加值率的影响具有异质性。具体表现为,在行业属性上对技术密集型行业企业出口国内增加值率的抑制作用最强,在贸易属性上对一般贸易企业抑制作用最强,在地区属性上对东部地区的企业抑制作用最强,在所有制属性上,对民营企业抑制作用最强。第三,利用中介效应模型的机制检验表明,营商环境主要通过影响企业创新以及企业全要素生产率,对企业出口国内增加值率产生影响。本文研究不仅有助于我们从企业层面深化理解优化营商环境的作用和意义,而且对于据此探寻提升企业出口国内增加值率、改善全球价值链分工地位也有重要政策意涵。

This paper uses large-scale research data and matches with the China Industrial Enterprise Database and China Customs Database.It measures the business environment index and the domestic export value-added rate from the micro level of the enterprise,and tests the impact of the business environment on the export domestic value-added rate of enterprises.The results show that:First,the unfavorable business environment has significantly inhibited the increase of the domestic value-added rate of export enterprises.Among them,the unfavorable business environment characterized by economic factors has the greatest impact on the export value rate of enterprises.In turn,the factor market environment,the social legal environment,and the infrastructure factor environment.The above findings have been found to be robust in the use of alternative key indicators and in the use of de novo samples and de-tail samples.Second,the adverse business environment has a heterogeneous impact on the domestic value-added rate of exports.Specifically,it has the strongest inhibitory effect on the export value-added rate of technology-intensive industry enterprises in terms of industry attributes,and has the strongest inhibitory effect on general trade enterprises in terms of trade attributes,and the most inhibitory effect on enterprises in the eastern region in terms of regional attributes.Strong,in the ownership system,the most effective inhibition of private enterprises.Third,the mechanism test using the mediation effect model shows that the business environment mainly affects the domestic value-added rate of enterprises’exports by influencing enterprise innovation and enterprise total factor productivity.The research in this paper not only helps us to deepen the understanding of the role and significance of optimizing the business environment from the enterprise level,but also has important policy implications for exploring and improving the domestic value-added rate of enterprises’exports and improving the global value chain.