知识产权法院与专利质量:一个实证研究

Intellectual Property Court and Patent Quality:An Empirical Study

本文分析了知识产权法院和法庭对专利质量和专利结构的影响。研究表明,设立知识产权法院和法庭能够剔除专利池中部分低质量、有问题的实用新型和外观设计专利,降低非发明专利在专利总量中的比重,改善专利结构,提升我国整体的专利质量,且存在轻微的时间滞后和动态效应。机制分析发现,知识产权法院和法庭能够改善专利侵权诉讼中不侵权抗辩和现有技术(设计)抗辩的适用环境,通过对专利权保护范围限缩解释和技术(设计)特征的认定来间接评价和处理涉案专利权效力。进一步地调节效应分析发现地区法律服务水平以不侵权抗辩为中介渠道正向调节知识产权法院和法庭对专利质量和结构产生的政策效应,法律服务水平越高,知识产权法院和法庭提升专利质量,改善专利结构的效果越明显。

This paper analyzes the influence of intellectual property court and tribunal on patent quality and patent structure.The results showed that:(1)The establishment of intellectual property court and tribunal can eliminate some low-quality and questionable utility model and design patents from the patent pool,reduce the proportion of non-invention patents in the total number of patents,improve the patent structure,and enhance the overall patent quality of China,with a slight time lag and dynamic effect;(2)The mechanism analysis shows that intellectual property court and tribunal can improve the applicable environment of non-infringement defense and defense of publicly known technology(design)in patent infringement litigation,and indirectly evaluate and deal with the validity of patent involved by limiting the interpretation of patent protection scope and identifying the characteristics of technology(design);(3)Further moderating effect analysis shows that regional legal service level positively moderates the policy effect of intellectual property court and tribunal on patent quality and structure through non-infringement defense.The higher the level of legal services,the more obvious the effect of intellectual property court and tribunal on improving patent quality and patent structure.