高铁开通、政府行为与TFP增长率

High-speed Rail Opening,Government Behavior and TFP Growth Rate

随着高铁网络的逐渐完善,高铁给开通地区带来了极大的社会福利效应,这使得高铁经济逐渐深入到地方政府的执政理念之中,从而也对开通地区的政府行为产生了重要影响。本文利用中国279个地级市及直辖市2004~2014年的面板数据,基于DID模型分析检验了高铁开通如何通过政府行为影响开通地区的TFP增长率。研究发现,高铁开通能够影响开通地区的政府行为来提高其创新环境和医疗卫生环境,而且会通过影响政府行为来提高开通地区的TFP增长率。具体来说,高铁开通使得开通地区的政府会增加政府科技支出占比改善地区创新环境,提高地区医院床位数和医生数来改善开通地区的医疗卫生环境;同时,高铁会通过增加政府科技支出占比、增加地区医院床位数和医生数来提高开通地区的TFP增长率。但是,高铁通过影响政府行为来促进开通地区的TFP增长率具有异质性,即高铁通过提高开通地区的财政科技支出占比来促进开通地区的TFP增长率对西部的影响更大,通过改善开通地区的医疗卫生环境来提高开通地区的TFP增长率对于中部和西部地区的影响更大。本文进一步通过一系列的稳健性检验,发现本文的研究结论仍然稳健,并得出本文的研究结论。

With the gradual improvement of the high-speed rail network,the highspeed rail has brought great social welfare effects to the opening areas,which has made the high-speed rail economy gradually penetrate into the local government’s ruling philosophy.And high-speed rail opening also had an important impact on the government’s behavior in the opening areas.Based on the panel data of 279 prefecture-level cities and municipalities in China from 2004 to 2014,this paper examines how the high-speed rail opening effect affects the TFP growth rate of the opening regions through government behavior.The study found that the opening of highspeed rail can affect the government’s behavior in the opening areas to improve its innovation environment and health care environment,and will increase the TFP growth rate in the opening areas by affecting government behavior.Specifically,the opening of high-speed rail will enable the government in the opening area to increase the proportion of government science and technology expenditures to improve the regional innovation environment,increase the number of hospital beds and doctors to improve the medical and health environment in the opening areas.At the same time,the high-speed rail will increase government spending on science and technology.Increase the number of hospital beds and the number of doctors in the district to increase the TFP growth rate in the opening area.However,the growth rate of TFP in open areas is heterogeneous by influencing government behavior.That is to say,high-speed rail promotes the growth rate of TFP in the opening area by increasing the proportion of fiscal expenditure on science and technology.It has a greater impact on the central and western regions by improving the medical and health environment in the opening area.