美国不成文宪法是什么——司法审查的视角

在美国,不成文宪法是一个学理概念,不是一个法律概念。与立法和执法活动相比,司法审查过程是不成文宪法"生成"的典型场域。从形式上看,不成文宪法表现为法院的宪法解释,同时也是宪法解释方式或者技术。美国成文宪法体制下的不成文宪法,是附随成文宪法而产生的,其存在的必然性源自成文宪法所具有的成文法的局限性,其合法性取决于其与成文宪法的文字和精神的契合程度。美国不成文宪法的存在,不是对成文宪法与不成文宪法分类理论的否定和颠覆,这种不成文宪法不是宪法类型,也非宪法体制。

America,s unwritten constitution is an academic concept,rather than a legal term.Unlike legislation or execution judicial review is the typical Kbirth-place,,of unwritten constitution.When it comes to format,unwritten constitution exists in the form of constitutional interpretation from courts,as well as the method or techniques used for interpretation.Under the system of written constitution in A-merica,unwritten constitution is a concomitant of written constitution,and the necessity of its existence is an inevitable result of the limitations of written laws,whose legitimacy depends on the consistency of its content and spirit.The existence of unwritten constitution in America is not to nullify or overturn the classification of written constitution and unwritten constitution.It is neither a category nor a system of constitution.