印度尼西亚制造4.0:挑战、应对以及对东盟和中国的启迪

Making Indonesia 4. 0: Challenges,Responses,and Implications for ASEAN and China

作为东盟最大的国家,印尼在努力应对第四次工业革命的同时,必须解决一些诸如贫困、失业之类的传统挑战。如何应对第四次工业革命所带来的机遇和挑战,印尼将提供一个范例。本文认为,印尼正在实施几项与劳工相关的举措,面临着横向和纵向层面上的问题,必须处理好政策和优先事项之间的关系,营造良好的劳工治理环境。在横向层面,几个直属部委在应对第四次工业革命时常常出现政策和优先事项的混乱。在纵向层面,国家政府和地方政府之间的政策常常出现分歧。本文建议印尼政府制定更有效的劳工转型政策框架。同时,本文认为其他东盟国家也可能会面临相同的挑战,因此呼吁东盟在劳工转型方面提供一个可操作的区域框架,为其成员国提供更积极、有效的指导。这个区域框架要有更清晰的目标、时间表和责任分配方案。在该区域框架下,中国有可能成为一个重要的参与伙伴。

This article discusses the case of Indonesia in preparing itself to address the challenges and opportunities left by the Industrial Revolution4.0.Indonesia is a showcase where,as the largest country in ASEAN,it has to solve several traditional challenges such as poverty and unemployment while concomitantly put its efforts to deal with the Industrial Revolution 4.0.This article maintains that while several labor-related initiatives are underway,Indonesia has to deal with its unfriendly labor governance marked by the fragmentation of policies and priorities at both horizontal and vertical levels.At the horizontal levels,several line ministries are responsible sectorally for dealing with Industrial Revolution 4.0,frequently resulting in confusing policy and priorities.While at the vertical level,fragmentation is marked by policy divergence between the national and subnational governments.It is highly recommended that the Government of Indonesia develops a more effective labor transformation policy framework.Simultaneously,assuming that other ASEAN countries may find the same challenge,the article also calls for ASEAN to play more active and effective facilitation to its member countries by providing an actionable regional framework for labor transformation with a much clearer target,timeframe,and distribution of responsibilities.It is under such a framework that China could be a significant contributing partner.