缅甸减贫与区域合作

Poverty Reduction in Myanmar and Regional Cooperation

自2011年缅甸进行民主化改革以来,缅甸政府制定了符合国家目标和联合国可持续发展目标的发展政策,其中特别关注贫困问题,2010—2017年总贫困率下降12.7%,但仍有24.8%的人口处于贫困线以下,脆弱性问题十分突出。缅甸需要资金、技术资源和咨询来解决贫困问题,政府正与国际组织、地区组织和其他国家合作。通过强调与伙伴国家和组织在减贫合作中的作用来分析缅甸为减贫所做出的努力是值得的。本文旨在分析缅甸的减贫政策和所付出的努力,并找出其与区域伙伴在减贫领域的合作,试图回答缅甸如何通过国家努力和区域合作来解决贫困问题。为实现这一研究目标,本文共分为三个部分:第一部分阐述了缅甸的贫困状况;第二部分论述了缅甸国家减贫战略和政策;第三部分分析了其在区域减贫方面的多边和双边合作。研究结果指出,双边和多边伙伴的支持为缅甸减贫事业带来了有益的效果。国际组织、区域组织和国家的贡献优先集中在减贫、农业、农村发展、小额信贷、教育、卫生和创造就业机会方面。合作伙伴提供资金支持、技术知识、政策建议和能力建设。此外,为了配合受援国的需要和发展目标,合作伙伴还采取了补充性的做法,项目建设为缅甸实现可持续发展目标铺平了道路。但是,缅甸在实施减贫过程中存在一些实际制约因素,还需要可靠的数据与信息、良好的治理、有效的协调、熟练的劳动力、公众参与和在冲突和偏远地区实现有效行动。

Myanmar governments since democratization in 2011 outlined development policies in line with national goals and the UN SDGs.It especially focused on poverty issue and could reduce 12.7%out of total poverty line from 2010 to 2017.However,24.8%of population is still under poverty line and vulnerability issue is important.Myanmar needs some financial and technical resources and consultation and the government is cooperating with international organizations,regional organizations and other countries.It is worthwhile to analyze Myanmar’s efforts for poverty reduction by highlighting the role of partnership with regional countries and organizations.The objectives of the paper is to examine policies and efforts of poverty reduction in Myanmar and to find out its cooperation with regional partners.It is expected to answer how Myanmar fought against poverty with national efforts and regional cooperation.To realize its objectives,the paper is composed of three parts.The first part explains poverty condition in Myanmar.The second part discusses national strategies and policies.The third part examines its multilateral and bilateral cooperation in the region for poverty reduction.The finding pointed out that supports of bilateral and multilateral partners brought about beneficial results in poverty reduction.Their contribution of international organization,regional organizations and countries prioritized in poverty reduction,agriculture,rural development,microfinance,education,health,and job creation.They supported funding,technical-know how,policy advise,capacity building and implementation.Besides,complimentary approach is engaged to match with needs and development goals of the recipient country.Their projects also paved the way for realizing SDGs targets in Myanmar.However,there are some practical constraints in implementation process of poverty reduction.Myanmar needs reliable data,information,good governance,effective coordination,skilled labour force,public participation and effective implementation in conflict and remote areas.