区域互联互通项目:“一带一路”与“东盟互联互通总体规划2025”对接

A Tale of Two Regional Integration Connectivity Projects: Harmonizing China’s “Belt and Road” Initiative with the ASEAN Master Plan on Connectivity

中国和东盟都提出了雄心勃勃的区域一体化互联互通倡议。中国的"一带一路"倡议涉及五大合作领域:①政策沟通;②贸易畅通;③设施联通;④资金融通;⑤民心相通。东盟的"东盟互联互通总体规划2025"(作为"东盟共同体愿景2025"的一部分)也包含五大合作领域:①可持续基础设施;②数字创新;③无缝物流;④卓越监管;⑤人员流动性。这两大倡议有很多共同之处,涵盖了软硬基础设施。在此背景下,中国可以借助发达经济体及其产业的比较优势和经验,通过第三方市场合作,将南南合作重塑为"一带一路"框架下更广泛的南北合作,合作领域包括供应合作、联合投标、共同投资、共同融资、促进高质量发展、提高透明度、建立第三方市场合作基金等。鉴于东盟成员国以发展中国家为主,政治不稳定,官僚主义问题普遍存在,社会矛盾突出,强烈建议积极推动第三方市场合作。中国已经在不同的大洲与不同的国家开展了第三方市场合作,并取得了不同程度的成功。特别是在"一带一路"项目和倡议受到广泛影响的情况下,这只是对东盟做同样的事情。

China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN)are two entities that have ambitious regional integration connectivity initiatives.China’s"Belt and Road"Initiative(BRI)has five major Areas of Cooperation(AOC):①policy coordination;②trade and investment facilitation;③infrastructure connectivity;④financial integration;⑤people-to-people ties and connectivity."ASEAN’s Master Plan on ASEAN Connectivity(MPAC)2025"(as part of"the ASEAN Community Vision 2025"),on the other hand,likewise has five AOCs:①sustainable infrastructure;②digital innovation;③seamless logistics;④regulatory excellence;⑤people mobility.Both initiatives share a lot in common and cover both soft and hard infrastructure.Against this backdrop,China would be able to rebrand South-South Cooperation into a broader North-South Cooperation within the BRI framework through Third-Party Market Cooperation(TPMC)by taking into account the comparative advantages and experiences of advanced economies and their industries.Examples of areas of cooperation may include supply cooperation,joint bidding,co-investment,co-financing,promotion of high-quality development,enhancement of transparency,and an establishment of TPMC cooperation funds,among others.The active application of TPMC is strongly advised given that ASEAN member-states are predominantly developing countries and are politically unstable with pervasive red tape issues and social conflicts.China has already done TPMC with various countries-with varying degrees of success-across different continents.It is thus only a matter of doing the same with ASEAN especially in the wake of extensive negative publicity about BRI projects and initiatives in the region.