自杀免责期间规范之检视——我国《保险法》第44条之反思与重构

Review of Regulations on the Period of Exemption from Liability for Suicide--Reflection and Reconstruction of Article 44 of China’s Insurance Law

作为公共政策选择之自杀免责期间制度,在利益"拔河"中有所偏失,以致矫枉过正,过度防范,实有自杀"倒逼"机制之嫌。其作为利益衡平之技术手段,形式正义色彩浓厚,无法充分发挥人身保险"保生保死"、安定抚慰之效用。是故,为增加其内部张驰度,除去区分僵性,应对其局部性重构:去除复效后自杀免责期间重新计算之规定,采复效不重新计算自杀免责期间之做法;抛弃"一刀切"的僵性区分,改采"原则+例外"的道德风险推定模式。以期充分发挥制度之效用,彰显法律之技术与关怀。

As a public policy choice,the suicide exemption period system is biased in the interest"tug-of-war",which leads to overcorrection and excessive prevention.As a technical means of interest balance,it has a strong color of formal justice,which cannot give full play to the effect of"protecting life and death",stability and comfort of personal insurance.Therefore,in order to increase the internal relaxation,remove the rigidity and deal with the local reconstruction,we should remove the requirement of recalculating the period of exemption from suicide after the recovery effect,and adopt the practice of not recalculating the period of exemption from suicide after the recovery effect.The rigid distinction of"one size fits all"should be abandoned and the moral hazard presumption mode of"principle+exception"should be adopted instead.In order to give full play to the effectiveness of the system,highlight the legal technology and care.