页岩气生产动态井下无线监测系统研制与应用

Development and Application of Dynamic Downhole Wireless Monitoring System for Shale Gas Production Performance

文章针对页岩气生产过程中井下动态资料的传统获取途径主要采用生产测井或钢丝下压力计试井等方式,其存在井口装备多、工序复杂、井下数据获取不及时、监测覆盖时间短、获取数据量少等不足,开发了一套可在产层位置长期持续监测的页岩气井生产动态井下无线监测系统。该系统采用“井下数据无线采集”+“井口物联网终端”+“基地数据中心”的技术架构,将井下数据无线采集工具随油管一起送到储层中,采集井筒中流体温度、压力、流量及含水率等生产动态数据,并直接通过电磁波发射器上传到地面,地面天线接收后再由井口物联网传输到基地监测中心,实现在基地即可远程实时观察页岩气井的井下生产动态情况,根据生产需要及时调整井口生产制度,以便提升生产井的产能。本系统适用井深3500 m左右;在设定数据量为4组/d(可调)时,工作时长可达2~3年。系统在威204H36-6井及威202H22-7井进行了现场应用,获取的生产动态数据准确、及时。其中,威204H36-6井根据监控数据开展了控压调产,明显减缓了地层能量衰减速度,提高采收率2%~3%;威202H22-7井在邻井的压裂液进入井筒时进行了及时的报警,防止了气井被压裂液淹死情况的发生。页岩气生产动态井下无线监测系统不仅具有水淹、压窜、管柱损坏等井下异常动态预报警功能,还可为页岩气井生产制度调整和布井优化提供实时数据支撑,最终提高储层采收率,推动了油气藏管理模式的革新换代,具有推广应用的良好前景。

In this paper,as per the traditional ways to obtain downhole dynamic data in shale gas production are mainly production logging and well testing with pressure gauge running by steel wire,which have many shortcomings of much more wellhead equipment,complicated process,not timely acquisition of downhole data,short monitoring time and lack of data acquisition,a dynamic downhole wireless monitoring system for shale gas production performance has been developed,which can continuously monitor the production performance at the producing zone for a long time.The system uses a technical architecture of wireless downhole data acquisition plus Wellhead Iot terminal and base data center to deliver wireless downhole data acquisition tools with tubing to the reservoir to collect such production dynamic data as wellbore fluid temperature,pressure,flow rate and water cut.The gathered data can be directly uploaded to the surface through electromagnetic wave transmitter,and then transmitted to the monitoring center of the base by the wellhead Internet of things after receiving by the ground antenna,realizing remote real-time observation of shale gas well performance from the center base,so that the wellhead production schedule can be adjusted according to the production requirements and further to improve well productivity.The system is suitable for 3500 m well depth.When the amount of data is set to 4 groups per day(adjustable),the working time can reach 2 to 3 years.The system has been field trailed in Well Wei 204 H36-6 and Well Wei 202 H22-7 with accurately and timely obtained the dynamic production data.According to the monitoring data,Well 204 H36-6 has been performed pressure control and production adjustment,which significantly slowed down the rate of formation energy attenuation and increased the oil recovery by 2%to 3%,Well 202 H22-7 has given a timely alarm when the fracturing fluid from the adjacent well entered the wellbore,preventing the gas well from drowning by fracturing fluid.The downhole wireless monitoring system for shale gas well production performance not only has the downhole abnormal dynamic prediction and alarm function for drowning,pressure channeling and string damage,but also provides real-time data support for shale gas well production system adjustment and well placement optimization,eventually improves the reservoir recovery,promoting the innovation and upgrading of reservoir management pattern and showing a good prospect of popularization and application.