青岛市2015-2020年梅毒感染孕产妇初检时期及影响因素

Time of the First Prenatal Care and its Influencing Factors Among Maternal Syphilis in Qingdao from 2015 to 2020

目的 分析青岛市2015-2020年梅毒感染孕产妇初检时期及影响因素。方法 通过全国预防艾滋病、梅毒和乙肝母婴传播管理信息系统选取青岛市2015-2020年梅毒感染孕产妇个案信息,描述梅毒感染孕产妇的初检时期分布,采用χ^(2)检验及无序多分类Logistic回归模型分析影响因素。结果 1 808例梅毒感染孕产妇初检时期在孕早期、孕中期和孕晚期分别占比56.36%、33.30%和10.34%。以孕晚期初检为参照,汉族、高中学历、大学及以上学历是孕早期和孕中期初检的促进因素,丈夫/性伴未感染是孕早期初检的促进因素,无既往感染是孕中期初检的促进因素;其他婚姻状况(未婚、同居、离异或丧偶)、居住在城市和城乡结合是孕早期和孕中期初检的阻碍因素。结论 青岛市孕早期初检率较低,而民族、文化程度、婚姻状况、居住地、既往感染史以及丈夫/性伴感染情况是梅毒感染孕产妇初检孕周的影响因素,需采取综合措施使初检时期前移、早确诊、早治疗预防梅毒母婴传播。

Objective To learn the time of the first prenatal care and its influencing factors among maternal syphilis in Qingdao from 2015 to 2020.Methods Data were from China′s Information System of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV, Syphilis, and HBV Management. Women who were registered in the system and delivered from 2015 to 2020 were included in the analysis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used for statistical inference.Results The proportions of the time of the first prenatal care during early, middle and late pregnancy among 1 808 maternal syphilis were 56.36%,33.30% and 10.34%, respectively. Compared with the first prenatal care in the third trimester, Han ethnicity, senior middle, college and above were the promote factors for the first trimester and the second trimester, husband/sexual partner who was negative was the promote factor for the first trimester, no history of syphilis infection was the promote factor for the second trimester.Marital status(including single, cohabitated, divorced or widowed), living in urban areas and urban-rural areas were the obstructive factors for the first trimester and the second trimester.Conclusion The proportion of the first trimester of the first prenatal care of maternal syphilis is low in Qingdao. Ethnicity, education level, marital status, residence, history of syphilis infection and husband/sexual partner infection are the factors for of maternal syphilis. Comprehensive interventions still need to be strengthened to improve the time of the first prenatal care, early diagnosis and early treatment to prevent mother-to-child transmission of syphilis.