拉尊南卡吉美伏藏法系对哲孟雄南嘉王朝初期宗教格局的影响

The Impact of Lha btsun Nam mkha''jigs med's(1597-1652)Gter ma lineage on the Religious Pattern during the Early Period of the Rnam rgyal Dynasty of'Bras mo ljongs

拉尊南卡吉美(■1597-1652年)、阿大生巴钦波(■1592-1656年)、噶陀仁增钦波(■17世纪)三位宁玛派宗教人物通过法王升座仪式赋予彭措南嘉管理哲孟雄的权力,以此契机,开启宁玛派伏藏法系从卫藏中心向哲孟雄的传播与发展。初传哲孟雄的伏藏法系中,以继承大伏藏师贾春宁波法系并开创哲孟雄伏藏法系的拉尊南卡吉美为主要代表。彭措南嘉被升座为法王后,他在哲境内支持拉尊伏藏法系的传法活动并推进了该法系寺院的建设。在哲孟雄宗教发展的进程中,卫藏教权中心与哲孟雄地方的南卡吉美伏藏法系持续性双向互动,逐渐形成法脉继任、宗派隶属、主分寺从属等制度化发展模式。该伏藏法系对哲孟雄南嘉王朝初期的宗教格局产生了极大的影响。

Three great masters belonging to the Rnying ma school,Lha btsun Nam mkha''jigs med(1597-1652),Mnga'bdag Sems dpa'chen po(1591-1656),and Kaḥthog Rig'dzin Chen po(17^(th) C.)empowered Phun tshogs rnam rgyal(1604-?)as he was enthroned in 1642 to become the first religious king(chos rgyal),also Rnam rgyal,of'Bras mo ljongs or'Bras mo gshongs,that is,Sikkim.This opened the path for the dissemination and development of the Rnying ma pa gter ma-revelatory tradition,from the central region of Ü-Tsang to the southern region(lho phyogs),Sikkim.Lha btsun Nam mkha''jigs med was the main representative of the initial transmissions of this tradition,which he had received from the great gter ma master'Ja'tshon snying po(1585-1656).Upon his enthronement as religious king,Phun tshogs rnam rgyal supported the propagation of Lha btsun's tradition throughout'Bras mo ljongs and promoted the construction of monasteries that would be affiliated with it.In the process of religious development in'Bras mo ljongs,there was a continuous and interactive relationship between the central religious authority ofÜ-Tsang and Lha btsun's tradition.This gradually formed a pattern of institutionalized development involving the succession of the lineages of transmission,sectarian affiliation,and hierarchical relationships among the main monasteries and branches.The influence of this gter ma tradition had a profound impact on the religious landscape of the early Rnam rgyal dynasty in'Bras mo ljongs.