《西藏新志》考论

A Study of the Xizang Xinzhi

《西藏新志》不仅是清代最后一部西藏方志,也是第一部由传统向近代转型的西藏方志。该书作者是毕业于清末速成式教育机构且学养基础浅薄的中下层文人,其在西藏危机加深、国内筹藏思潮兴起的时代背景下,仍以著书立说为谋生之道,遂利用自身姻亲关系将该书快速编辑出版。实际上,《西藏新志》的主要史料来源是日本人山县初男的《西藏通览》,前者从体例、篇目、内容等方面对后者的抄录体量超过70%,因此,从文献性质来看,《西藏新志》是对《西藏通览》的抄袭之作。同时,该书的创作过程也突显了清末民初正处于制度变革与文化撕裂社会转型期的部分知识分子,出现自我监管缺失、追求急功近利、学术道德失范等不良状况。

The Xizang Xinzhi西藏新志was not only the last local chronicle of Tibet in the Qing Dynasty,but also the first one in which a traditional type of writing changed to a more modern one.The authors of the book belonged to the mid-and low-level scholars who graduated from a fast-growing educational institution in the late Qing Dynasty,and they had a shallow education.With the background of the deepening crisis in Tibet and the rise of the domestic ideas about governing Tibet,the authors were able to make a living by writing,so they used their relations to quickly edit and publish this book.Actually,the main historical source of the Xizang Xinzhi was the Xizang Tonglan written by a Japanese soldier named Yamagata Hatsuo山县初男.The former contains more than 70%of the latter in terms of style,content and so on.Therefore,the Xizang Xinzhi was essentially a copy of the Xizang Tonglan.Meanwhile,the writing process of the Xizang Xinzhi indicates that some intellectuals lacked discipline and were in the pursuit of quick success and instant profit,and had lost a sense of academic responsibility.They lived in a period of acute institutional,cultural,and societal change at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China.